Essay on Journeys Essay

A trip is a path of validity which leads an somebody to accept the past and prompt towards the future. This concept is embodied finished the play Away, by Michael Gow, which explores the spiritual tour of characters through the transition of a physical journey. This idea of a physical journey provoking a spiritual change is portrayed through the poem I wandered lone(a) as a cloud by William Wordsworth and Running out of time by anonymous. Each respective composer conveys their commentary of journeys, intelligible through Gows characters of Coral and turkey cock, introducing the theme of acceptance.A journey is a process which allows an individual to experience hardships and difficulties, leading to the theme of acceptance. This theme has been present through the character of Coral, the mother of a move son in war, resulting in her depression and isolation. The events experienced through Corals physical and familiar journey is curative by which her understanding of accep tance is shaped. Corals inner journey is evidently overcome in Act 5, expectation 1, which reveals Corals renounced intellect of understanding and acceptance as she, Lifts out a handful of shells (Page 56).The signifi privyce is placed on Coral physically letting go of the sea shells. This action symbolises her ability to let go of the skeletons of her past, representing her deceased son. Gow also utilises the symbolism of shells to demonstrate the significance of acceptance towards an individuals wellbeing. This connotes to the idea of change and allows the audience to understand Corals experiences of struggle and strength to accept the past. The idea of acceptance and moving on is further portrayed when Coral and Roy leave the shells nooky them.The perception of change is further built through the following dress direction in Act 5, scene 1, and Coral comes in carrying her wear upside down (Page 65). Corals hat being flipped conveys how there is no need for disguising hers elf from the world any more(prenominal), depicting the composers purpose of illustrating the inner journey undertaken by the experiences of Coral. Contrastingly, the idea of self-acceptance is often challenged when an individual embarks on a journey, clearly evident throughout the poem, I wandered lonely as a cloud, by William Wordsworth.Through this physical ourney, an inner journey of self-isolation is apparent. The voices failure to move on from his sex segregation is reflected through his inner thoughts and perceptions, evident through who perceives, A crowd/ a host of golden daffodils. Wordsworth personifies a crowd of people to that of daffodils to create a sense of curiosity and interest within the reader. The poet further communicates the personas solitude through the lines, I wandered lonely as a cloud. This simile is emphasized through the use of repetition in the gloss and the first line, to identify the personas lonely nature which highlights both his physical and inn er journey.Towards the end of the poem, the personas earlier solitude is now blissful solitudness. Correspondently, the play Away by Gow highlights how each character undergoes a journey of self-discovery, hardship, bond and overcoming the dealings of reality. The inner journey of Corals solitude and depression creates a connection with the persona in the poem, I wandered lonely as a cloud, allowing both composers to effectively portray similar ideas involving concepts of journeys.The concept of journeys can be portrayed when a individual fails to accept the past and move on. Ideas of acceptance are reinforced through the character of Tom in the dramatic play Away. Tom is a 14 year-old school boy who struggles with his inner journey, as he finds it difficult to accept the fact that he has perch cancer, he does not wee-wee long to live. By Tom covering up his illness and separate himself from others, it is immediately evident that he does not accept his current situation. As the play progresses however, the theme of acceptance begins to unfold.Tom finally realises the reality of his illness and through the help of Meg, accepts his current situation. His acceptance is clearly demonstrated in Act 3, scene 5 where, after the storm, Tom wears a Hawaiian garment at the beach, Tom is wearing board shorts and a Hawaiian shirt (Page 41). This stage direction symbolises a new beginning of change for Tom and his parents. Through Tom wearing a colourful shirt on the beach, it is evident that he is finally overcoming his barrier of fear and isolation.The imagery of colours conveys that the storm has passed and things have gotten brighter and better. Through costume and colour, it is undeniable that acceptance is formed. This allows the audience to effectively identify a change in Toms journey of acceptance. The composers purpose of conveying the theme of acceptance is shaped through the character of Tom. The inner thoughts and perceptions of an individual begin to unf old when the theme of acceptance is evident. The concept of acceptance is evident throughout the poem, Running out of time composed by anonymous.The composer demonstrates towards the reader, the personas inability to move on and accept current situations, reinforced in the following line, While still more and more pain inside. The composer utilises repetition to further highlight and suggest that the persona is attempting to mask his depression and trouble attitude.. Through this, it is clear that the persona is undergoing some form of an inner journey of self-isolation. The personas inner journey is further depicted through the gloomy tone created by the composer.Keep hiding behind the smile, pretending to be happy. The use of the depressing tone symbolises the way Tom is not accept the dealings of reality and that he is going to die. Tom is disguising himself and hiding away the truth from others, further relating hindquarters to how the persona is covering up his illness. The c omposer of Running out of time creates a connection with the character of Tom and the persona, further illustrating how an individuals inner thoughts may shape the ability to accept the present.

John Watson and B.F. Skinner Essay

There are several theories out in that location on child development, but Id like to share with you the theory that I deal in and connect with the most. This theory is called Behaviorism and Social- Learning and set up be attributed to a psychologist named John Watson (1878-1958) and B.F. skinner (1904-1990) Watson using classical conditioning which means the acquire that takes place ground on an association of a stimulus that does not ordinarily elicit a response with another stimulus that does elicit response. It is all-important(a) to note that in classical conditioning, the stimulus develops before the behavior or response. Skinner using operant conditioning which is defined as a process in which a response is gradually learned via reinforcement or punishment. John Watson and B.F. Skinner introduced this theory and felt that children learned through a corpse of stimulus/ response events. Watson and Skinner accustom nurture approach.Development is based upon learned beh aviors which are based upon a childs interactions with their environment and influenced by positive or negative reinforcement. Reinforcement can be both positive and negative. Positive reinforcement is something good for children, whereas negative reinforcement is something unpleasant, but regain this is not to be confused with punishment. One knows there are some drawbacks is that it does not account for childrens culture, their values, and their social influences such as the special relationship between them and their parent or peers. Social learning theory addresses these concerns. As child growing up with my brother my parents usedpositive and negative reinforcement. When we did not receive a passing grade we would confuse to stay inside and work extra securely to pass the next test, or if the gave credit. But if we received a passing grade we would be rewarded by going out to dinner of our choice or getting ice cream. If we did jobs around the house we had a choice between the laurels or money. If we did not complete the chore we would not receive anything. well-nigh of the time when we did not complete the chore we would get upset, so my parents would explain that when you do a chore you get rewarded, but if you do not do your chores you will not receive anything.I use Behaviorism and Social Learning theory while working with children. If the child had a good twenty-four hours at school I would give them something from the prize box when someone came to get them from school. When they did not have a good day at school and they receive nothing from the prize box, and when someone come to get them I would explain why happened at school, and that is why the child cant receive anything from the prize box today.I am not a parent yet, but when I do beat a parent I will be use John Watson and B.F. Skinner theory in teaching my children.

Developmental Competencies And Challenges For Late Adulthood

IntroductionLate adulthood is the terminus describing the period in an individuals life beginning at ages sixty or lxx and ending in death. This life period is one of continuing change and adjustment in corporeal and psychological realms.Major concepts and distinctive features of various social rolesSocializationThe family is the first social institution for the shaverren. They are taught how to fit into the companionship and the various social institutions. The children learn the societys social values and culture. This in the long authorise helps in creating a cultural identity for the children (Russell, 2004).EducationChildren start their schooling the moment they are born. This includes both clump and informal. They are taught basic survival skills such as speech, interaction and hygiene. They later proceed to formal schools where they puff out their knowledge on a wide variety of areas which later ends up in career specialization.DisciplineThe child is taught respect, an d performing of household chores. This helps them to grow into mature and responsible adults. Discipline should be taught with compassion, reason and patience without argument, utter and spanking. The parents should learn to respect the childrens growing independence in order to build self esteem.ProtectionThe family offers fortress and security to the children. They should be made to feel safe both within the home and without. They should be saved from both form of physical or psychological abuse.ClothingClothing is one of the basic needs that the family provides alongside nutrition and shelter. Children should be provided with adequate and the right clothing depending on the environment.Nutrition and food securityIt is the responsibility of the family to provide nutritional requirements for the children. They should unendingly ensure that the meals are balanced and meet the various needs of the children.ShelterThe family provides a warm and secure distance for the childrens development. It should protect the children from any harsh environmental conditions that may affect their development.Emotional stabilityThe family should satisfy the childs emotional needs thus enhancing their emotional stability. The parents and children should become friends. The parents should create an atmosphere where the children can give in them.HealthThe family should ensure the children are healthy through proper nutrition and medication.Contribution and influence of social roles and how they influence individuals and families in the situationIn our case study, the social roles above are non adequately met payable to various inadequacies on the crack up of the grandparents.The grandchildrens socialization needs were not fully met. The grandparents generally had little interest in exploitation the children into a whole person. There was distance between them mainly due to the generation gap.There grandchildrens education was in any case inhibited. This is because the grandparents did not value formal education so much since they did not have any of it themselves. They had limited resources since they are not working. They were therefore unable to give their grandchildren good quality education.The grandparents were found to be lax in terms of instilling discipline in their grandchildren. They did not have the necessary qualification to follow up on their grandchildrens activities.The grandparents were frail and sickly and could not offer enough testimonial to their grandchildren. There were various cases of attacks on their homestead.Clothing is one of the basic needs that the family provides alongside food and shelter. This was mainly due to financial constraints since the grandparents weFood and nutrition needs of the grandchildren were not adequately taken care of due to limited resources of the grandchildren. They were also not very keen to ensure a balanced diet.The grandchildrens medical needs were not given to their due seriousness sinc e the grandparents had to take care of their own.The large age difference made it ambitious for the grandchildren and the grandparents to form a bond necessary in a normal family setting. The grandchildren could therefore not confide in their grandparents and share their emotional needs (Gilbert and Kristin, 2005)ReferencesRussell, R. (2004). Social Networks Among Elderly Men Caregivers Journal of Mens Studies 13(1) 121Gilbert, R. & Kristin C. (2005) When Strength Cant Last a Lifetime Vocational Challenges of Male Workers in earlier and Middle Adulthood. Men and Masculinities, 7(4), April, pp. 424-433.Spector-Mersel, G. (2006). Never-aging Stories Western Hegemonic Masculinity Scripts. Journal of Gender Studies, Volume 15, Number 1, March, pp. 67-82.

Literature Cape Essay

Many critics flak to show how the hide relate to the different parts, and/or different characters of the escape. This story explores a cariety of themes and issues, however disguise, deceit, solemnisation and festivity be the major, more(prenominal) prominent virtuosos. Although the play is a silly play said by Samuel Pepys, who saw the play on three occasions, publicy critics feel the plays use of dustup used to deceive and the failure of characters to communicate properly and effectively and truthfully, made it confusing. The matchless-twelfth darkness (January 6th) is real the Epiphany.During the Epiphany noble households sponsored numerous perfor humankindces of plays, masques, banquets and kinds of activities. This story opens up to a man, Curio dressing for the plans of that night. While dressing, he confesses how he feels towards a woman accountd Olivia. Olivia, a well-to-do woman, wants little Analysis of Major Characters genus genus Viola Like well-nigh of Sha kespe ars heroines, Viola is a trem give the sackously lik able record. She has no serious faults, and we locoweed easily usher out the peculiarity of her decision to dress as a man, since it bunchs the entire plot in motion. She is the character whose make do forecastms the pu rest.The other characters passions are fickle Orsino jumps from Olivia to Viola, Olivia jumps from Viola to Sebastian, and Sir toby jug and Marias marriage seems more a matter of whim than an expression of deep and abiding passion. Only Viola seems to be truly, passionately in have intercourse as opposed to cosmos self-indulgently comesick. As she says to Orsino, describing herself and her ac sockledge for him She pined in thought, And with a green and sensationalistic melancholy She sat similar patience on a monument, Smiling at grief. Was non this retire indeed? (II. iv. 111114) The audience, like Orsino, can only answer with an emphatic yes.Violas chief worry throughout the play is sensatio n of identity. Because of her disguise, she must(prenominal) be both herself and Cesario. This mounting identity crisis culminates in the final exam tantrum, when Viola finds herself surrounded by heap who each(prenominal) have a different idea of who she is and are unaware of who she actually is. Were 12th darkness not a comedy, this pressure might cause Viola to break down. Sebastians appearance at this point, however, effectively saves Viola by allowing her to be herself again. Sebastian, who independent of his sister is not much of a character, takes over the aspects f Violas disguise that she no lifelong wishes to maintain. Thus liberated by her brother, Viola is free to shed the voices that she has accumulated throughout the play, and she can tabulator to being Viola, the woman who has loved and won Orsino. Orsino and Olivia Orsino and Olivia are worth discussing together, because they have similar personalities. Both introduce to be buffeted by strong emotions, a lone both ultimately seem to be self-indulgent individuals who enjoy melodrama and self-involvement more than anything. When we first meet them, Orsino is pining away for love of Olivia, epoch Olivia pines away for her drained brother.They show no interest in relating to the out brass world, preferring to lock themselves up with their sorrows and mope around their homes. Violas arrival begins to break both characters out of their self-involved shells, scarcely n both undergoes a unclouded change. Orsino relates to Viola in a way that he never has to Olivia, diminishing his self-involvement and making him more likable. to that extent he persists in his belief that he is in love with Olivia until the final scene, in spite of the detail that he never once speaks to her during the course of the play. Olivia, mean trance, sets aside her grief when Viola (disguised as Cesario) comes to see her. besides Olivia takes up her own fantasy of lovesickness, in which she pines awaywith a se lf-indulgence that mirrors Orsinosfor a man who is really a woman. Ultimately, Orsino and Olivia seem to be out of touch with real emotion, as demonstrated by the ease with which they shift their affections in the final sceneOrsino from Olivia to Viola, and Olivia from Cesario to Sebastian. The similarity between Orsino and Olivia does not diminish with the end of the play, since the audience realizes that by marrying Viola and Sebastian, respectively, Orsino and Olivia are essentially marrying female person and male versions of the same person.Malvolio Malvolio initially seems to be a minor character, and his humiliation seems little more than an amusing subplot to the Viola-Olivia-Orsino- love triangle. but he becomes more interesting as the play progresses, and most critics have judged him one of the most complex and fascinating characters in duodecimal Night. When we first meet Malvolio, he seems to be a simple typea puritan, a stiff and proper servant who likes nothing better than to spoil other messs fun. It is this dour, fun-despising side that earns him the enmity of the zany, drunken Sir Toby and the clever Maria, who together engineer his downfall.But they do so by playing on a side of Malvolio that might have other reinvigorated remained hiddenhis self-regard and his curious ambitions, which extend to marrying Olivia and becoming, as he puts it, Count Malvolio (II. v. 30). When he finds the forged garner from Olivia (actually penned by Maria) that seems to offer confide to his ambitions, Malvolio undergoes his first transformationfrom a stiff and wooden embodiment of priggish propriety into an personification of the magnate of selfdelusion.He is ridiculous in these scenes, as he capers around in the discolour deportings and cross garters that he thinks will please Olivia, but he also becomes pitiable. He may deserve his come-uppance, but there is an uncomfortable universality to his experience. Malvolios misfortune is a cautionary tale of a mbition overcoming nice sense, and the audience winces at the way he adapts every leveltincluding Olivias confused assumption that he must be madto fit his rosy picture of his glorious future as a nobleman.Earlier, he embodies stiff joy slightness now he is joyful, but in pursuit of a dream that everyone, boot out him, knows is false. Our pity for Malvolio only increases when the vindictive Maria and Toby confine him to a dark room in Act IV. As he desperately protests that he is not mad, Malvolio begins to seem more of a dupe than a victimizer. It is as if the unfortunate steward, as the embodiment of rate and sobriety, must be sacrificed so that the rest of the characters can indulge in the hearty spirit that suffuses Twelfth Night.As he is sacrificed, Malvolio begins to earn our respect. It is besides much to call him a tragic figure, howeverafter all, he is only being asked to defend a single night in darkness, hardly a fate comparable to the sufferings of King Lear or Ham let. But there is a kind of nobility, however limited, in the way that the deluded steward stubbornly clings to his sanity, however in the face of Festes insistence that he is mad. Malvolio remains true to himself, despite everything he knows that he is sane, and he will not allow anything to destroy this knowledge.Malvolio (and the audience) must be content with this self-knowledge, because the play allows Malvolio no real recompense for his sufferings. At the close of the play, he is brought out of the darkness into a celebration in which he has no part, and where no one seems willing to offer him a real apology. Ill be revenged on the whole pack of you, he snarls, stalking out of the festivities (V. i. 365). His exit strikes a jarring poster in an otherwise joyful comedy. Malvolio has no real place in the anarchic world of Twelfth Night, except to suggest that, even in the best of worlds, someone must suffer while everyone else is happy.I n the kingdom of Illyria, a nobleman na med Orsino lies around listening to music, pining away for the love of chick Olivia. He cannot have her because she is in mourning for her dead brother and refuses to entertain any proposals of marriage. Meanwhile, off the coast, a storm has caused a terrible shipwreck. A little, aristocratic-born woman named Viola is swept onto the Illyrian shore. Finding herself alone in a strange land, she assumes that her twin brother, Sebastian, has been drowned in the wreck, and tries to figure out what sort of work she can do.A friendly sea captain tells her about Orsinos judicatureship of Olivia, and Viola says that she wishes she could go to work in Olivias home. But since Lady Olivia refuses to talk with any strangers, Viola decides that she cannot interpret for work with her. Instead, she decides to disguise herself as a man, taking on the name of Cesario, and goes to work in the household of Duke Orsino. Viola (disguised as Cesario) chop-chop becomes a favorite of Orsino, who makes Cesario his page. Viola finds herself falling in love with Orsinoa difficult love to pursue, as Orsino believes her to be a man.But when Orsino sends Cesario to deliver Orsinos love messages to the disdainful Olivia, Olivia herself falls for the beautiful young Cesario, believing her to be a man. The love triangle is complete Viola loves Orsino, Orsino loves Olivia, and Olivia loves Cesarioand everyone is miserable. Meanwhile, we meet the other members of Olivias household her rowdy drunkard of an uncle, Sir Toby his makeish friend, Sir Andrew Aguecheek, who is trying in his wishless way to court Olivia Olivias witty and pretty waiting-gentlewoman, Maria Feste, the clever fathead of the house and Malvolio, the dour, prudish steward of Olivias household.When Sir Toby and the others take offense at Malvolios constant efforts to spoil their fun, Maria engineers a unimaginative joke to make Malvolio think that Olivia is in love with him. She forges a garner, supposedly from Olivia, manoeuvered to her beloved (whose name is signified by the letters M. O. A. I. ), telling him that if he wants to earn her favor, he should dress in yellow stockings and crossed garters, act haughtily, smile constantly, and refuse to explain himself to anyone. Malvolio finds the letter, assumes that it is addressed to him, and, filled with dreams of marrying Olivia and becoming noble himself, gayly follows its commands.He behaves so strangely that Olivia comes to think that he is mad. Meanwhile, Sebastian, who is still alive after all but believes his sister Viola to be dead, arrives in Illyria along with his friend and protector, Antonio. Antonio has cared for Sebastian since the shipwreck and is passionately (and perhaps knowledgeablely) accustomed to the young manso much so that he follows him to Orsinos domain, in spite of the feature that he and Orsino are old enemies. Sir Andrew, observing Olivias attraction to Cesario (still Viola in disguise), challenges Cesario to a d uel.Sir Toby, who sees the prospective duel as entertaining fun, eggs Sir Andrew on. However, when Sebastianwho looks just like the disguised Violaappears on the scene, Sir Andrew and Sir Toby end up coming to blows with Sebastian, thinking that he is Cesario. Olivia enters amid the confusion. Encountering Sebastian and thinking that he is Cesario, she asks him to marry her. He is baffled, since he has never seen her before. He sees, however, that she is wealthy and beautiful, and he is therefore more than willing to go along with her.Meanwhile, Antonio has been arrested by Orsinos officers and now begs Cesario for help, mistaking him for Sebastian. Viola denies knowing Antonio, and Antonio is dragged off, crying out that Sebastian has betrayed him. Suddenly, Viola has smartfound hope that her brother may be alive. Malvolios supposed madness has allowed the gleeful Maria, Toby, and the rest to lock Malvolio into a small, dark room for his treatment, and they torment him at will. Fe ste dresses up as Sir Topas, a priest, and pretends to examine Malvolio, declaring him definitely mentally ill in spite of his protests.However, Sir Toby begins to think better of the joke, and they allow Malvolio to send a letter to Olivia, in which he asks to be released. Eventually, Viola (still disguised as Cesario) and Orsino make their way to Olivias house, where Olivia pleasings Cesario as her new husband, thinking him to be Sebastian, whom she has just unite. Orsino is furious, but then Sebastian himself appears on the scene, and all is revealed. The siblings are joyfully reunited, and Orsino realizes that he loves Viola, now that he knows she is a woman, and asks her to marry him. We discover that Sir Toby and Maria have also been married privately.Finally, someone remembers Malvolio and lets him out of the dark room. The trick is revealed in full, and the embittered Malvolio storms off, leaving the happy couples to their celebration. Themes, Motifs & Symbols Themes T hemes are the constitutional and often universal ideas explored in a literarywork. Love as a Cause of paroxysm Twelfth Night is a romanticist comedy, and romantic love is the plays main focus. in spite of the fact that the play offers a happy ending, in which the various lovers find one another and turn over wedded bliss, Shakespeare shows that love can cause pain.Many of the characters seem to view love as a kind of curse, a feeling that attacks its victims suddenly and disruptively. Various characters claim to suffer painfully from being in love, or, rather, from the pangs of unrequited love. At one point, Orsino depicts love dolefully as an appetite that he wants to satisfy and cannot (I. i. 13) at another point, he calls his desires fell and cruel hounds (I. i. 21). Olivia more bluntlydescribes love as a plague from which she suffers terribly(I. v. 265). These metaphors contain an element of violence, further painting the love-struck as victims of some random deposit in the universe.Even the less melodramatic Viola sighs unhappily that My state is desperate for my masters love (II. ii. 35). This desperation has the potential to result in violenceas in Act V, scene i, when Orsino threatens to kill Cesario because he thinks that -Cesario has forsaken him to become Olivias lover. Love is also exclusionary some people achieve romantic happiness, while others do not. At the end of the play, as the happy lovers rejoice, both Malvolio and Antonio are prevented from having the objects of their desire.Malvolio, who has pursued Olivia, must ultimately face the realization that he is a ingest, socially unworthy of his noble mistress. Antonio is in a more difficult situation, as social norms do not allow for the gratification of his apparently informal attraction to Sebastian. Love, thus, cannot conquer all obstacles, and those whose desires go unfulfilled remain no less in love but feel the sting of its absence all the more severely. The Uncertainty of Gender Gender is one of the most obvious and much-discussed topics in the play.Twelfth Night is one of Shakespeares so-called transvestite comedies, in which a female characterin this case, Violadisguises herself as a man. This situation earns a inner mess Viola falls in love with Orsino but cannot tell him, because he thinks she is a man, while Olivia, the object of Orsinos affection, falls for Viola in her guise as Cesario. There is a exonerate homoerotic subtext here Olivia is in love with a woman, even if she thinks he is a man, and Orsino often remarks on Cesarios beauty, suggesting that he is attracted to Viola even before her male disguise is removed.This latent homoeroticism finds an stated echo in the minor character of Antonio, who is clearly in love with his male friend, Sebastian. But Antonios desires cannot be satisfied, while Orsino and Olivia both find tidy heterosexual gratification once the sexual ambiguities and deceptions are straightened out. Yet, even at the plays c lose, Shakespeare leaves things somewhat murky, in particular in the Orsino-Viola relationship. Orsinos declaration of love to Viola suggests that he enjoys prolonging the pretense of Violas masculinity.Even after he knows that Viola is a woman, Orsino says to her, Boy, thou hast said to me a thousand time / Thou never shouldst love woman like to me (V. i. 260261). Similarly, in his last lines, Orsino declares, Cesario, come / For so you shall be while you are a man / But when in other habits you are seen, / Orsinos mistress, and his fancys queen (V. i. 372375). Even once everything is revealed, Orsino continues to address Viola by her male name. We can thus only wonder whether Orsino is truly in love with Viola, or if he is more enamoured of her male persona. The Folly of AmbitionThe problem of social ambition workings itself out largely through the character of Malvolio, the steward, who seems to be a competent servant, if prudish and dour, but proves to be, in fact, a supreme egotist, with tremendous ambitions to rise out of his social form. Maria plays on these ambitions when she forges a letter from Olivia that makes Malvolio believe that Olivia is in love with him and wishes to marry him. Sir Toby and the others find this fantasy hysterically funny, of coursenot only because of Malvolios unattractive personality but also because Malvolio is not of noble blood.In the class system of Shakespeares time, a noblewoman would generally not sully her reputation by marrying a man of lower social status. Yet the atmosphere of the play may render Malvolios aspirations less unreasonable than they initially seem. The feast of Twelfth Night, from which the play takes its name, was a time when social hierarchies were turned elevation down. That same spirit is alive in Illyria indeed, Malvolios antagonist, Maria, is able to increase her social standing by marrying Sir Toby. But it seems that Marias success may be due to her willingness to accept and promote the in surrection that Sir Toby and the others embrace.This Twelfth Night spirit, then, seems to pass by Malvolio, who doesnt wholeheartedly embrace the upending of order and decorum but rather wants to blur class lines for himself alone. Motifs Motifs are recurring structures, contrasts, or literary devices that can help to develop and inform the texts major themes. Letters, Messages, and Tokens Twelfth Night features a broad variety of messages sent from one character to anothersometimes as letters and other times in the form of tokens. Such messages are used both for purposes of communication and miscommunicationsometimes deliberate and sometimes accidental.Marias letter to Malvolio, which purports to be from Olivia, is a deliberate (and successful) attempt to trick the steward. Sir Andrews letter demanding a duel with Cesario, meanwhile, is meant seriously, but because it is so appallingly stupid, Sir Toby does not deliver it, rendering it extraneous. Malvolios missive, sent by way of Feste from the dark room in which he is imprisoned, ultimately works to loose the confusion caused by Marias forged letter and to free Malvolio from his imprisonment. But letters are not the only kind of messages that characters employ to communicate with one another.Individuals can be employed in the place of written communicationOrsino repeatedly sends Cesario, for instance, to deliver messages to Olivia. Objects can function as messages between people as well Olivia sends Malvolio after Cesario with a ring, to tell the page that she loves him, and follows the ring up with further gifts, which typify her romantic attachment. Messages can convey important information, but they also create the potential for miscommunication and confusionespecially with characters like Maria and Sir Toby manipulating the information. MadnessNo one is truly insane in Twelfth Night, yet a number of characters are accused of being mad, and a current of insanity or zaniness runs through the action of the play. After Sir Toby and Maria dupe Malvolio into believing that Olivia loves him, Malvolio behaves so bizarrely that he is fictitious to be mad and is locked away in a dark room. Malvolio himself knows that he is sane, and he accuses everyone around him of being mad. Meanwhile, when Antonio encounters Viola (disguised as Cesario), he mistakes her for Sebastian, and his angry insistence that she recognize him leads people to assume that he is mad. tout ensemble of these incidents feed into the general atmosphere of the play, in which normal life is thrown topsy-turvy, and everyone must confront a reality that is somehow fractured. Disguises Many characters in Twelfth Night assume disguises, beginning with Viola, who puts on male attire and makes everyone else believe that she is a man. By dressing his protagonist in male garments, Shakespeare creates endless sexual confusion with the Olivia-ViolaOrsino love triangle.Other characters in disguise include Malvolio, who puts on cro ssed garters and yellow stockings in the hope of winning Olivia, and Feste, who dresses up as a priestSir Topaswhen he speaks to Malvolio after the steward has been locked in a dark room. Feste puts on the disguise even though Malvolio will not be able to see him, since the room is so dark, suggesting that the importance of vestments is not just in the eye of the beholder. For Feste, the disguise completes his assumption of a new identityin order to be Sir Topas, he must look like Sir Topas.Viola puts on new clothes and changes her gender, while Feste and Malvolio put on new garments either to impersonate a nobleman (Feste) or in the hopes of becoming a nobleman (Malvolio). Through these disguises, the play raises questions about what makes us who we are, compelling the audience to wonder if things like gender and class are set in stone, or if they can be altered with a change of clothing. Misinterpreted Identity The instances of wild identity are related to the prevalence of disg uises in the play, as Violas male clothing leads to her being mistaken for her brother, Sebastian, and vice versa.Sebastian is mistaken for Viola (or rather, Cesario) by Sir Toby and Sir Andrew, and then by Olivia, who promptly marries him. Meanwhile, Antonio mistakes Viola for Sebastian, and thinks that his friend has betrayed him when Viola claims to not know him. These cases of mistaken identity, common in Shakespeares comedies, create the tangled situation that can be resolved only when Viola and Sebastian appear together, helping everyone to infer what has happened. Symbols Symbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts. Olivias GiftsWhen Olivia wants to let Cesario know that she loves him, she sends him a ring by way of Malvolio. Later, when she mistakes Sebastian for Cesario, she gives him a precious pearl. In each case, the jewel serves as a token of her lovea physical symbol of her romantic attachment to a man who is reall y a woman. The gifts are more than symbols, though. Youth is bought more oft than begged or borrowed, Olivia says at one point, suggesting that the jewels are intended almost as bribesthat she means to buy Cesarios love if she cannot win it (III. iv. 3). The apparition of Malvolios PrisonWhen Sir Toby and Maria pretend that Malvolio is mad, they confine him in a pitch-black chamber. lousiness becomes a symbol of his supposed insanity, as they tell him that the room is filled with light and his inability to see is a sign of his madness. Malvolio reverses the symbolism. I say this house is as dark as ignorance, though ignorance were as dark as hell and I say there was never man thus step (IV. ii. 4042). In other words, the darknessmeaning madnessis not in the room with him, but outside, with Sir Toby and Feste and Maria, who have unjustly imprisoned him. Changes of ClothingClothes are powerful in Twelfth Night. They can symbolize changes in genderViola puts on male clothes to be ta ken for a male as well as class distinctions. When Malvolio fantasizes about becoming a nobleman, he imagines the new clothes that he will have. When Feste impersonates Sir Topas, he puts on a noblemans garb, even though Malvolio, whom he is fooling, cannot see him, suggesting that clothes have a power that transcends their physical function. Twelfth Night Analysis of Fools A fool can be defined in many meanings according to the Oxford English Dictionary On Historical Principles.The word could mean a silly person, or one who affairally counterfeits folly for the entertainment of others, a sucker, clown or one who has little or no reason or intellect or one who is made to appear to be a fool (word originated from North Frisian). In english writings, the two main ways which the fool could enter imaginative literature is that He could provide a topic, a theme for mediation, or he could turn into a stock character on the stage, a stylized comic figure. In William Shakespeares comed y, Twelfth Night, Feste the clown is not the only fool who is subject to foolery.He and many other characters combine their silly acts and wits to invade other characters that evade reality or rather realize a dream, while our sympathies go out to those. It is natural that the fool should be a prominent & attractive figure and make an important contribution to the action in forming the confusion and the humor in an Elizabethan drama. In Twelfth Night, the clown and the fools are the ones who combine humor amp wit to make the comedy work. Clowns, jesters, and Buffoons are usually regarded as fools. Their differences could be of how they dress, act or portrayed in society.A clown for example, was dumb to be a country bumpkin or cloun. In Elizabethan usage, the word clown is perplexing meaning both countryman and principal comedian. Another meaning given to it in the 1600 is a fool or jester. As for a buffoon, it is defined as a man whose profession is to make low jests and antics postures a clown, jester, fool. The buffoon is a fool because although he exploits his own weaknesses preferably of being exploited by others. he resembles other comic fools. This is similar to the definition of a tomfool who is also known as a buffoon, or a merry andrew.One maintained in a princes court or noblemans household. As you can see, the buffoon, jester and the clown are all depicted as fools and are related amp tied to each other in some sort of way. They relatively have the same objectives in their roles but in appearance wise (clothes, physical features) they may be different. In Shakespeares Twelfth Night, Festes role in this Illyrian comedy is significant because Illyria is a country permeated with the spirit of the Feast of Fools, where identities are confused, uncivil find oneself applauded and no harm is done. In Illyria therefore the fool is not so much a critic of his environment as a ringleader, a merry-companion, a Lord of Misrule. Being equally welcome abo ve and below stairs.. makes Feste significant as a character. In Twelfth Night, Feste plays the role of a necrose clown employed by Olivias father playing the licensed fool of their household. We learn this in Olivias statement stating that Feste is an allowed fool(I. v. 93) meaning he is licensed, privileged critic to speak the truth of the people around him. We also learn in a statement by Curio to the Duke that Feste is employed by Olivias father. Feste the jester a fool that the Lady Olivias father took much pleasure in(II. iv. 11). Feste is more of the comic truth of the comedy. Although he does not make any profound remarks, he seems to be the wisest person within all the characters in the comedy. Viola remarks this by saying This fellows wise enough to play the fool(III. i. 61). Since Feste is a licensed fool, his main role in Twelfth Night is to speak the truth. This is where the humor lies, his truthfulness. In one example he proves Olivia to be a true fool by asking her what she was mourning about. The point

Four Views to The College Conspiracy Essay

In whitethorn of 2011 a video by the National Inflation Association (N.I.A) surfaced on YouTube gathering over devil million views and opening the eyes of people to the American college system. According to the producers of this video, College is the largest scam in US taradiddle Is college a worth- charm investment? Is it just a way for the government to stimulate the eco nary(prenominal)y? Are college stops very a necessity in performing on the job? All of these questions have been asked and answered with both yes and no. Four writers with different views on this matter have written up articles concerning this issue. While reading through and through the articles one will notice that the views for each author are backed up by examples and statistics alone differ in viewpoints, resulting taking different sides to this topic.In the first article, by The Christian Science superintend, examples of thriving entrepreneurs with egress points like Mark Zuckerberg of Facebook and s haft of light Thiel of Paypal were prone to the audience. The writer then expresses his belief that not everyone is cut come on for college, some would be intermit suited to vocational training, but the United States enquires more versed people to compete in the world economy. Statistics on how college degree recipients have a decreased likeliness of unemployment and receive increased wages on average are then given.The next article, from the New York Times, opens up by revisiting Americas past decision to make high school open to the open and how gentility has benefitted the United States. The writer makes a comparison between the current situation of the importance of high education to the Americas past decision. Studies stated that prove a bachelors degree is an asset all the same for those whose jobs do not require any degree. He states that, beyond the monetary economic value of a degree, education seems to make people happier and healthier. Quoting M.I.T economist, David Autor, writer states his opinion on how not sending a child to college would be a disaster.Different statistical evidence were then used. Once financial economic aid was taken into account, the average net tuition of public four-year college were approximately $2000, a lot less(prenominal) than what close to people presume the cost to be. A recipient of a college degree makes 83 part more than those with only a high-school diploma. Citing the Hamilton Project, a research group in Washington, an investment in a college degree has a 15 portion annual return, 8 percent more than stock investment, and 14 percent more than in real estate.On the other hand, article three, by John Stossel disagrees with the potency of a college education in the working world. He starts the article with examples of successful non-degree holders, Michael Dell, Mark Zuckerberg, Bill Gates, Mark Cuban, Richard Branson, Simon Cowell and Peter Jennings. Stossel then shares his opinion that for many peo ple, college is a scam. He then states the opinions of his Fox Televison partner Richard Vedder.Sharing analogous view points, Vedder reasons out that students who do well in college often did well in high school, blush though most students, even those who did poorly in high school, are pushed into college. He then asks as to wherefore colleges accept the lower-tier of students and answers that question by stating that government loans ensure students are able to pay for college, even at the risk of long term debt, which fuels the academia. Giving out some statistics to back up the claim, Stossels points out the high percentages of baggage porters, bellhops and taxi and limo drivers have a college degree that they did not require to obligate their current jobs.The last article comes from Marty Nemko, a career counselor. She gives her personal experiences during her job when students are disturbed by the amount of money they have already spent on their education but still privat ion the units to complete their degree program. She then gives out the statistic that among college freshman who graduated in the bottom 40 percent of their high school, 76 percent wont earn a diploma even if given 8 years. Yet colleges admit these students and take their money. 23 percent of the students themselves are unprepared for college and students learn less in college than what is led on to believe, only having 16.4 percent of students satisfied with the instruction given to them.These four sources gave their cause personal opinions and back them up with sufficient evidence in the form of examples, testimonies, and statistics. The Christian Science Monitor takes into account, not only each individuals need for a college degree, but also the countrys need for college graduates to compete in the world market. The New York Times article takes finances into account giving reasons to why college degrees are actually affordable, with the proper financial aid, and how they pay o ff once theyre put to unspoilt use.John Stossel takes his views the college system as a for profit organization, where, although some are able to use their education in the working world, many dont and the college system takes advantage of the mass of hopefuls who try to better their lives, successful or not. Marty Nemko draws from her own personal experiences as a career counselor dealing with college students and their problems in taking the college route. What the discussion comes down to is how are the four authors interpreting the data they are given and how do their own viewpoints make them subjective to the matter. One side believes that a college education is a worth-while investment while the other believes that it is just a waste of time and money.Works CitedAmericas Most Overrated mathematical product Higher Education. What Colleges Must Do What Parents Must Do. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2013. The College Scam. Fox News. FOX News Network, 06 July 2011. Web. 24 Jan. 2013. Is College a Scam? The Christian Science Monitor. The Christian Science Monitor, 15 Sept. 2011. Web. 25 Jan. 2013. Leonhardt, David. ECONOMIC SCENE make up for Cashiers, College Pays Off. The New York Times. The New York Times, 26 June 2011. Web. 26 Jan. 2013.

Learning Disability in Students Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Learning Disability in Students - Research piece of music ExampleThe data requirements for this purpose fall into two broad classes - primary and secondary selective selective entropy. The secondary information is collected from the already published information by judiciously choosing the most relevant aspects from the available lit or documents. While, the primary information refers to the direct information collected from the samples selected or chosen for the data arrangement process. The basic approach adopted in the whole process is to ensure the consistency in the information collected. This could be achieved by tailoring the process of data collection using an appropriate blend of organize and unstructured approaches as well as qualitative and quantitative information. The innovative methodologies penury to be plotted for the interrogation exercise aimed to explore the reason behind the skills acquired by the special education students. The conventional methods in the research methodology need to be redesigned to ensure the reliability of data collected from a super divergent set of the sample.The two important philosophies being considered for the research are Positive Research and Phenomenological research (Naoum, 2003). In the positive research the objective would be to generate statistical information from the quantitative data. On the contrary, the qualitative approach would emphasize on the broad aspects or the qualitative details about the fall guy information. Thus, the phenomenological information would rest more on the opinions while the positive approach would require more facts. base on these details the data types shall be classified into two classes - quantitative information and qualitative information. decimal information is collected for establishing precise answers to the observed behavior of the sample. The results of the analysis could be represented as numbers, percentages, convey value etc. The qualitative information would be of significant advantage to understand the situation, thoughts, opinions or dowry (Remenyi et al, 2005). The research methods focus on obtaining required subjective and descriptive responses on the research being conducted. Further, the information and the data analysis is complex in this approach and it is based on the judgmental abilities, knowledge, and the experience of the researcher. The researchers need to consider the research problem and the data characteristics to arrive at a very balanced externalise for initiating the data collection. The broad objective of the study is to ensure an improvement in performance of the students with disabilities by evolving utensil capable of extending necessary support for the students with disabilities, improving the parental involvement and providing successful transitions. The continuing debates on the inherent strength and weakness about the different approaches for research has been widely reported (Deshpande et al, 2002 Bryman, 2004). Collecting both the qualitative and quantitative information would be very useful to eliminate the weakness inherent in the private methodology chosen for the investigation (Creswell, 2003). Further, each of them report certain strengths and weakness besides certain special(prenominal) limitations that make them more applicable to certain type of situations. The data required for the investigation proposed here would be collected along with the class room assessments

Human Resource Management. Introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

military personnel Re arising Management. Introduction - Essay ExampleOD is a long range effort to ameliorate governings problem solving and renewal processes, particularly through more effective and collaborative solicitude of organization culture-with specific emphasis on the culture of formal workteams-with the assistance of a interchange agent or catalyst and the use of the theory and technology of applied behavioral science including action researchKurt Lewin (1898 - 1947) is astray recognized as the founding father of OD, although he died before the concept became current in the mid-1950s. From Lewin came the ideas of assemblage dynamics, and action research which underpin the basic OD process as well as providing its collaborative consultant/client ethos. Institutionally, Lewin founded the Research Center for Group Dynamics at MIT, which moved to Michigan aft(prenominal) his death. RCGD colleagues were among those who founded the National Training Laboratories (NTL), fr om which the T-group and group-based OD emerged. In the UK, working as close as was possible with Lewin and his colleagues, the Tavistock make up of military man Relations was important in developing systems theories. Important too was the joint TIHR journal Human Relations, although nowadays the Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences is seen as the leading OD journal.Organizational change management is the process of developing a planned approach to change in an organization. Typically the objective is to maximize the collective benefits for all people involved in the change and minimize the risk of failure of implementing the change. The checker of change management deals primarily with the human aspect of change, and is therefore related to pure and industrial psychology. more technical disciplines (for example Information technology) have developed similar approaches to formally control the process of devising changes to environments.Change management can be either reactive, in which case management is responding to changes in the macroenvironment (that is, the source of the change is external), or proactive, in which case management is initiating the change in order to achieve a desired goal (that is, the source of the change is internal). Change management can be conducted on a continuous basis, on a regular schedule (such as an annual review), or when deemed necessary on a program-by-program basis.Change management can be approached from a number of angles and applied to numerous organizational processes. Its most common uses are in information technology management, strategic management, and process management. To be effective, change management should be multi-disciplinary, touching all aspects of the organization. However, at its core, implementing new procedures, technologies, and overcoming resistance to change