Kant s Notion Of Good - 991 Words

Kant’s notion of good; For Kant, he starts out by saying, â€Å"Nothing in the world—or out of it!—can possibly be conceived that could be called ‘good’ without qualification except a GOOD WILL† (Kant, 2008). Kant further explains this statement through the first and second chapter. He initially says that many things can be considered good such as; judgments, resoluteness, and perseverance can be undoubtedly good but can become bad if the person’s character isn’t good or if their will in using them isn’t good. He further says that a will is not good because of what it leads to but because it’s good in itself. Kant introduces the word duty where he says one can only perform an action from duty if that action is what he directly wanted to do. He leads to the conclusion of the definition of duty after describing two cases where one might perform an action that could be mistaken as out of duty and they include actions done with some kind of benefit to the doer or where one does an action that in is in accord with duty but he doesn’t want to perform that action but another which requires him to perform that action. One formulation can come out of the two types of love Kant talks about, the pathological love that lies in the direction of the person’s feelings and practical love that lies in the will and principles of action. He makes a second proposition, â€Å"an action doesn’t get its moral value from the purpose through it but from the maxim that it involves†. Take an example of aShow MoreRelatedKant And Sir William David Ross Essay1011 Words   |  5 PagesImmanuel Kant and Sir William David Ross agreed and disagreed about different aspects of ethical practice. Both philosophers had influential views on ethics with strong opinions and interpretations of what moral philosophy is. Part of C.S. Lewis’ Book touches on the notions raised by the philosophers. Positions of Kant and Ross Immanuel Kant was a Rule Nonconsequentialist Theorist who established Duty Ethics. His theory stemmed from the idea of moral absolutism, a theory which believes moral truthsRead MoreKantian Ethics1459 Words   |  6 Pageson individuals that have a major impact on one`s life. The teachings usually start from a young age through parents, caregivers and educators in society. Due to their influence on young children`s lives it is their responsibility to make certain that young children will learn to make logical decisions that would contribute in a positive way in society. An ethical theory that would best describe people that influence young children would be Kantian`s ethics. His ethical theory elucidates that moralityRead MoreKant s Philosophy On Moral Education1554 Words   |  7 PagesPaper One: Kant on Moral Education Jennifer Penkov: 1345217 Phil 444, Dr Alan McLuckie Friday, February 12, 2016 Word Count: 1, 567 This paper will focus on Kant s account of a moral education as found in his Lectures on Pedagogy. It will begin by discussing why Kant believed that education, specifically moral education, is necessary for a human being to realize her Bestimmung (destiny), but not necessary for non-rational animals to reach their natural vocations. It will analyze the role a moralRead MoreThe Moral Value Of Ethics1261 Words   |  6 Pagesmorality of the action. The thesis I will prove is when deciding on the best course of action the principles of Deontology ethics and their emphasis on considerations of doing ones duty, offer effective framework for the moral value of actions. Immanuel Kant is an influential figure of Deontological Ethics. He proposed three laws called â€Å"The Categorical Imperative† to decide whether an action is ethical or not: 1. Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should becomeRead MoreKant s Categorical Imperative Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagescontrast to the consequentialist focus of utilitarianism, Kant was more focused on intent and action itself. This leads into one of Kantian ethics main ideals; you mustn’t treat another human being as a means to an end. Kant’s Categorical Imperative (CI) is a deontological theory, which relied heavily on his belief that humans are all capable of reason in the same manner, on the same level (A Brief Summary of Kant s Categorical Imperative, 2012). Kant recognized 2 kinds of moral ‘imperatives’, a hypotheticalRead MoreKant s Critique Of Judgment1128 Words   |  5 PagesAn Excerpt from Kant s Critique of Judgment In the first part Analytic of the beautiful, Kant elucidates the judgment of taste. Kant examines the mechanics in distinguishing whether something is beautiful or not and arrives to the realization that beauty is purely intuitive. The judgment of beauty relies not on cognition and reason but on an entirely different aspect .Then, whether an object is beautiful or not depends on the sensation of pleasure or pain the subject undergoes through exposureRead MoreAnshelm ¬Ã‚ ¥s Proof of God ¬Ã‚ ¥s Existence1466 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowing I will commit myself to the above-mentioned question by firstly reconstructing Anselm ´s proof of God ´s existence and secondly considering his position in the light of the critique put forward by Gaunilo, Aquinas and Kant. St. Anselm (1033-1109) was an Italian philosopher and monk who later left his country to become Archbishop of Canterbury. As Anselm firmly believed in God, he wanted to prove God ´s existence through use of logic and reason and thus set out to demonstrate it in his most popularRead MoreThe Main Contributions Of Immanuel Kant1385 Words   |  6 Pages It is important to begin with the significant contributions of Immanuel Kant in the literary sense; it is widely agreed upon that he authored â€Å"one of the most important works of moral philosophy ever written†. As found in Justice with Michael Sandel, â€Å"Kant argues that morality is based neither on the principle of utility, nor on a law of nature, but on human reason. According to Kant, reason tells us what we ought to do, and when we obey our own reason, only then are we truly free†.1 To implyRead MoreDifferences Between Plato s And Kant1184 Words   |  5 Pagesacquires wisdom through the acknowledgement of inherent ignorance. Kant evaluates the causes of people remaining in willful ignorance and the methods by which they can lift themselves out of such a state into enlightenment. Before comparing these two philosophers, one must recognize that both have displayed differences in ethics, as some call one â€Å"Platonic† and the other â€Å"Kantian†. First, let us examine the ethics of Immanuel Kant. We must acknowledge the most prominent features in Kant’s ethicsRead MoreKant And David Hume Views On The Matter1457 Words   |  6 Pagesin choices that lead to an individual to both reason and feel some sort of emotion. Objectively speaking, there is a no fine line between reasoning and how one feels, however there seems to be a distinct difference between the philosophers Immanuel Kant and David Hume views on the matter. Both are life changing philosophers with very opposing views. One sees the feelings in human nature while the other seems to see nothing but rationality. One can argue both are used but according to these two there

Analysis Of The Tucson Jewish Community Center - 916 Words

Industry Overview have better intro sentence The Tucson Jewish Community Center (JCC) is a hub for both Jewish and non-Jewish members of the Tucson community to interact through a number of different activities such as sports, art classes, and summer camps. The primary industry for the JCC is the Civic and Youth Organizations industry which has a NAICS code of 81341. Currently, the industry is in the decline stage of its life cycle with an expected annual decline of 1%. The JCC faces macro-competition through the AAU Junior Olympics and International Youth Olympics, and faces micro competition through the Tucson Soccer Shootout and NYS Tucson (For more details see Appendix A and B). The JCC faces macro-competition through the AAU Junior†¦show more content†¦14 sports, cultural and social events, and a service day create the diversity offered by the Games (â€Å"Maccabi USA†, 2017). The overall community comes from meeting other Jewish teens from across the country. Weaknesses: The main weakness of the games is the Jewish requirement of most stakeholders. 3% of the US population is Jewish meaning that most athletes and host families are not eligible to participate (â€Å"Vital Statistics,† 2016). Opportunities: The largest opportunities are creating ongoing revenue streams, energizing Tucson JCC staff, and creating a sense of community (T. Rockoff, Personal Communication, October 10, 2017). Ongoing revenue streams will come from the significant economic impact on Tucson whereas energizing staff and creating a sense of community will derive from the morale boost of successfully hosting the Games. Threats: Threats facing the Games are potential volunteers and host families traveling during the summer and the unpredictable summer weather of Tucson. The two stakeholders are necessary to host the Games successfully and the dangerous weather could lead to delays and injuries. Trends: The most important trend is the 1% decline in the Civic, Social, and Youth Organizations industry (Longo, 2017). This is due to the preference of young teens to watch TV and use social media, thus making the narrow target market even smaller as the industry declines. See appendix C for more detail. Target Market The primary target market isShow MoreRelatedJcc Maccabi Games Swot Analysis1425 Words   |  6 Pages Company and Industry Overview Industry Overview The Tucson Jewish Community Center is included in the Civic, Social, and Youth Organizations industry and has a NAICS code of 81341. This industry is in the decline stage of its life cycle. Membership rates have stagnated recently as people turn to social media for community inclusion (ibisworld.com). The revenue growth for 2016 was -5.4%, and the number of enterprises in this industry is expected to decline 1% annually(ibisworldRead MoreCalculus Oaper13589 Words   |  55 Pagesappalling evidence for the existence, on a very large scale, of international female slavery, the institution once known as white slavery but that in fact has involved, and at this very moment involves, women of every race and class. In the theoretical analysis derived from her research, Barry makes the connection between all enforced conditions under which women live subject to men prostitution, marital rape, father-daughter and brother-sister incest, wife-beating, pornography, bride-price, the sellingRead MoreFraud Triangle15238 Words   |  61 Pageswalking into freeway traffic last week had been under investigation by the state medical board for allegedly faking diagnoses of skin cancer to collect higher fees. Dr. Orville Stone, who once headed the dermatology department at UC Irvine Medical Center, was accused by five former employees of using cancerous patients’ skin tissue to fake diag- 34 Chapter 2 Cch2.qxd 1/31/03 2:33 PM Page 34
  
 noses for hundreds of other patients. . . . Last Friday, the day after the board Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesBrier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David MRead MoreCoco Cola18335 Words   |  74 Pagesproblems with Coke s distribution and bottling network, because specific franchise districts are guaranteed an exclusive market area for Coke products. Mexican-made Coca-Cola may often be found for sale in stores catering to the Hispanic immigrant community.  Kosher  for  Passover  Coke is also made with cane sugar, rather than corn syrup, due to the special dietary restrictions for observant Jews. Some  Orthodox Jews  do not consume corn during the holiday. Bottled with yellow caps, this variant can be found

Qualities of Hr Manager Free Essays

CASE STUDY Ans 1. -Education, job skills, experience and other competencies required for future human resource manager. * Credits in HR management. We will write a custom essay sample on Qualities of Hr Manager or any similar topic only for you Order Now * HR and Sales experience. * To work as team leader. * Volunteer. * Result Oriented. * Good communication Skills. * Interpersonal Skills. * Competent. * Energetic. * Ability to work and deal with aggressive or strict boss. Ans 2. -All of the 4 candidates had strengths that others did not have . They all have good education, work experience but Michael Anderson has experience of 7 years and is â€Å"jack of all trades. Arthur has the best interpersonal skills and good knowledge of sales industry and can devote extra time to its position . Jane Reynolds is very competent, and is considered as the real mover and career oriented lady. Steven Robinson was the youngest among all the applicants and was full of energy and enthusiasm. Along with this, he was the only one with CHRP certificate and had good knowledge of IT and internet. Ans 3- I am partly satisfied with the selection process employed by the firm as it is a tough decision to approve any of the candidates because each have stre ngths that other don’t have. But making personal opinions for selection process, like Clark had a doubt about the wisdom of hiring a woman for the position or selecting Steven as he was an African-Canadian to improve company’s image of being insensitive to multicultural mosaic may result in biased selection decision. So if I would be the in charge of the selection process, I would have focussed more on the competent, career oriented behaviour of the candidates, rather than looking for all the aspects, the selection process should be more focused on the target of the firm or the expectations from the position. Ans 4-Among the candidates I believe Jane Reynolds would be most suitable for the position. As the firm management expect, the new person who is hired should be a mover and shaker, so Jane had been considered as a real â€Å"mover. † Along with this she also meets the qualification and experience requirement of the position. She don’t have a very high experience and is junior for the position but she can meet the challenges of her position, as she is a career minded lady and the position is waiting for energetic and result oriented person. How to cite Qualities of Hr Manager, Essay examples

Organizational Structure of DNT-Free-Samples-myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: 1.Demonstrate an understanding of the Organizational Structure and Behavior? 2.Critically analyses and evaluate the HR practice in Contemporary work situations. Answers: Introduction In this paper there is a fictional organization named as the DNT organization. Given the current downturn in the DNT, it is not shocking that there has been a much verbal confrontation about the basic part which key partners, for example, colleges also; businesses can play in tackling the testing issue of graduate work. The motivation behind this is to examine graduate enlistment and advancement against the scenery of a weaker financial condition. All the more particularly trying to investigate the issues confronted by managers inside a few key segments regarding drawing in, what's more, creating graduates with significant aptitudes and abilities. Exploration expands upon prior work done by the present creators, which explored the procedures bosses use to pull in and hold graduates. It ought to be noticed that the past investigation specified was led during a period of relative monetary flourishing. The Organizational structure According to Marching ton and Kynighou (2012), the organizational structure shows how the activities are working towards the achievement of organizational goals and aims. These activities involve allocation, coordination, and supervision etc. Organizational structure identifies the hierarchy of the authorities within the organization. It also segregates the job their functions and the reporting relationships. Reporting relationship includes, where one have to report. This will enable individuals to work as a team or in a group, in order to accomplish all the predetermined goals (Marching ton and Kynighou, 2012). This definition is having is negatives or drawbacks as well, it does not show how and in which sequences authority has been divided or delegated. In short, the clear definition of the work is not discussed in this definition. These following concepts are relevant and sufficient, in the case study these factors affected the organization DNT and implemented over there. Factors affecting the organizational structure According to Glover and Butler (2012), organizational structure is affected by many factors which influence the performance of the organization. Although many factors are there which influences the organizational structure but five main are as follows: Levels - levels of business is also an important factor in the decision of organizational structure. This will depend on the authorities available in the organization. In the DNT industries, their different levels, top, the middle and the lower level and the functional organizational structure is followed. Centralization and decentralization- this is also an important a factor of the organization having the centralized authority or decentralize authority will decide the type of organizational structure. The span of control- in DNT industries the whole span of control is divided in the different function and their functional heads are having the span of control. Division of labor- on which basis labor has been divided will also be a factor in order to decide the type of organizational structure should be followed. In the DNT industries division of labor is done on the basis of the specialized areas like HR, operations, and accounting etc. Type and analysis of organizational structure at DNT industries According to Tikkamki and Hilden (2014), although there are three types of organizational structure which are discussed as follows. In the DNT industry functional structure is followed by the organization. The Functional organizational structure According to Kaliannan and Adjovu (2015), functional organizational segregates the business into many small parts according to specialization like human resources, marketing, accounting, financial. The functional organizational structure is being followed by DNT industries and in this structure. At DNT industries, there are different departments and the authorities according to the specialization. Authority flow to the downward direction, senior to subordinate in DNT industries. At DNT industries, the headed authority is managing director and followed by DPOD and HR. Analysis of the functional organizational structure at DNT Strengths- functional organizational structure is having many benefits, which may lead to the success of the organization these benefits are as follows. Specialization- According to Islam (2012), the functional structure as earlier discussed divides the organization into specialized parts, so it will create a specialization in the organization. Specialization will be beneficial for the organization. When a company is of the functional organizational structure, a group of people having similar skills and the knowledge has been created. Reduces costs- as specialization is there, there are fewer chances of wastage of resources. As everyone is having specialization in their area, it will be helpful for the saving the costs by reducing the wastage and fuller utilization of resources. Productivity- specialization of work will tend to improve in productivity of resources. The expertise of work will enhance the efficiency of the work because expert reduces the chances of mistakes in their work. Time-saving- as workers are having the knowledge regarding their performed work and tasks; it will lead to the time-saving process in the organization. Weaknesses- functional organizational structure is having its weak side as well. These weaknesses are as follows: Management issues- There is a rigid communication network in functional organizational structures. This is all because of the high degree formalization, formalities and standardized ways of operation. Formalization makes the process slower. Coordination- even in functional structure, all the functions performs with the greater efficiency but at some point, their coordination also gets compromised. When the coordination is not there among the groups then it will be difficult for them to work with each other. The occurrence of these miscommunications and the obstacles may cause reduced commitment, delays, wasted time and competing interests in the organization. Matrix organizational structure In this organizational structure, reporting relationships are setup in a sort of grid instead of the traditional method, in this structure, there is more than one authority that one has to report. The matrix form of relationship is there in this organizational structure. Divisional organizational structure- This will group the organization into the small division. In this structure, groups are clustered according to some similarities of products, geographical area and group or clients etc. Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior is basically a study, in which the behavior of group and individuals within the organization is being observed. This is eventually the study which predicts or observes how an individual behaves and performs in groups. It is a scientific approach and simultaneously applied to the management. Theoretical concepts of organizational behavior According to Tikkamki and Hilden (2014), organizational behavior basically depends upon the behavior of individuals; personality differentiates individuals with each other. Differentiation of personality is done on two basic approaches, which are as following: NOMOTHETIC- This approach is specific and the measurable, which basically looks at the identification of characteristics, personality, and traits. These characteristics can be described and measured therefore it can be subjected to tests and observations. This approach is having its two sub parts: The Big Five (Ocean) - the word OCEAN is defined by the word cluster or the trait cluster. This trait cluster captures the main personality traits Openness- Openness basically indicates the intellectual curiosity, the innovation which a variety of person has. It can also be defined as a person is independent and have varieties of work over a fixed routine. As in DNT new Ella was offering something innovative and new to the organization. Conscientiousness- this is the trait in which in this individual depends upon their own and shows their self- discipline as in DNT industries Ahmed was showing. Extroversion- this trait includes energy, assertiveness, positive emotions, sociability and the talkativeness, as the Cries have in the DNT industries. Agreeableness- this is having the traits of being friendly, challenging and the detached individual as Ella in DNT industries. Neuroticism- an individual who is sensitive, confident and nervous as well comes under this situation. Hans Essence- in this approach, there are two dimensions which ultimately defines four personalities. Which are as follows: stable extroverts, stable introverts and unstable extroverts, unstable introverts. Idiographic approach- is having a perspective which is holistic and dynamic and insists that managers understand the whole understanding of the work of the individual. Myers-Briggs this includes feel sensing, thinking, feeling and intuition, judging, perceiving and extrovert etc. The importance of CSR in the organization - CSR plays a vital role in the continuous and smooth functioning of every organization. This includes ethical responsibility and customer Relationship. CSR is having the following benefits: Motivated Employees- According to Lewis and Ibarras (2013), the most valued asset of any organization is employees of that organization. Treating employees and workers with respect and offering fair and good working conditions motivate the employees by CSR. It also establishes fair hiring practices in the workplace. This improves and enhances the morale at the workplaces and encourages teams to work in a coordinated manner. In DNT industry employees are also getting motivation from the nature and behavior of ELLA. Profitability and Value- According to Marchington (2016), a CSR methodology improves association efficiency and regard. The innovation of imperativeness efficiencies and waste reusing cuts operational costs and focal points nature. CSR in like manner assembles association obligation and its straightforwardness with hypothesis agents and the media, speculators and neighborhood gatherings. This, along these lines, overhauls its reputation among money related authorities, for instance, shared resources that arrange CSR into their stock decision. The result is an optimistic circle where the association's stock regard additions and its passageway to the hypothesis capital are encouraged Showing a True Commitment - According to Callahan and Connor (2015), the best corporate social commitment programs organize these two sorts of CSR together to exhibit a bona fide duty with respect to reason. For example, an association that usages doable materials in their things give fiscal resources for biological causes, and empowers agents to take paid time off for volunteering at normal philanthropies would be showing a certified duty with respect to the condition that goes past any single CSR movement. Social Media Visibility- According to Martens and Wilson (2012), there are many reasons and one of them is that associations should have the perceptible CSR campaign is a direct result of the criticalness and normality of web based systems administration. Organizations that need to secure their picture appreciate that online long range informal communication is an important bit of open acknowledgment. Right, when an association hones social obligation through raising help or setting up labor giving ventures, using web based systems administration to lift these exercises makes a constructive stamping condition and it is an exceptional way to deal with attracting with your get-together of individuals on a more significant level that goes past your things or organizations. Contemporary HR. practices Contemporary Hr. practices are used in order to manage and sustain the employees in the organization. Employee management is necessary in every organization, this management of employees are personnel is continued from earlier times. This management help in order to maintain the important assets of the business. The Relationship of HRM to the traditional practice of industrial relations and personnel management According to Dunn (2015), the world is changing altogether and is by and by adding up to change. The incomprehensible things of yesterdays have ended up being possible today and the unimaginable things of today will wind up evidently possible tomorrow that is the reason it is said that change is the principle unending piece of nature to (Dunn, 2015). Traditionally old strategies have been used in order to recruit employees and to retain them in the organization. In contemporary time the personnel management term is used for the hr practices with some new and updated amendments. Hr practices are used in order to develop the skills of individuals and to motivate them. The possibility of autonomous nations is losing noteworthiness and the possibility of 'overall town' is creating. The organization of affiliations will without a doubt adjust up to the radical change by developing new strategies and practices in overall perspective after meticulously separating the honest to goodness trou bles being gone up against by the master overseers. Because of the predictable developing money related, imaginative and political conditions and flow chiefs as behavioral/operational scientists in the affiliation go over the going with challenges: Trial of globalization, Trial of information age, Acid test change, Trial of administering the workforce grouped assortment, Reinforcing of workers, Progression of persevering states of mind and culture, Corporate redoing. According to Park and Shaw (2013), any affiliation limits with a steady participation of three vital components of money, machines and close by a couple of other bury related and dependent factors that are influential. Human resource management is basically the extended version of personnel management. As traditionally the personnel management was working in the direction of managing people in the organization, HRM extension includes the development, maintaining strength and managing people in the organization. The mana ger is the individual who altogether considers the effects of an action general or generous bit of the whole system before making the move, i.e. considers the situation behind the scene before making any move ( Park and Shaw, 2013). Effects may make sure or negative, so a cash sparing preferred standpoint examination is made before a move is used and moreover an appraisal that how far a particular masterminding has been feasible is considered. Thusly, it creates as a whole course of action of working. As the organization of the money with most extraordinary versatility and quality is basic in the working and improvement of any relationship close by the best help and operation of machines, it is fundamentally more basic to deal with the tolerable assortment and dynamism of the man at fill in as they are the benefits for any relationship to bloom, fabricate and impact. In addition, completed the years as far back as the unmistakable evidence of the striking piece of 'man as a benefit' of relationship, in organization there have been a couple of practices that were used, passed on and changed under the terms via work constraint organization, mechanical relations, and the latest being utilized is human resource headway and extensively more exhaustive angle goes under the title of human resource organization. Workforce MANAGEMENT (PM) is more so a customary kind of organization, where the boss was the person who dealt with, assigned and parcelled the work. An organization associated the norms for finishing things all around paying little personality to the kind of affiliation and condition included. PM has an obliged expansion and changed the presentation. The models, laws, and techniques of working were sketched out by the organization, the wellspring pioneer of the association and the errand of the Personnel chiefs joins the activity of obtaining new agents and to keep up staff records, and to administer the work as a crucial device whose lead could be controlled for the upside of the affiliation and supplanted when depleted. PM practice was to make sure a monotonous checking by the boss, of the work done by the delegates in light of an honest to goodness worry for the relationship with an exchange, the division of work, roundabout and plunging correspondence and working under clear standards norms and conventions of the affiliation. Regardless, later asks about the show that there may be a couple of events where certain guidelines are used as a piece of all conditions by and large novel treatment is required in different cases in the wake of analyzing the diverse situational factors intentionally as the behavioral conditions are alt ogether more befuddled nowadays. Additionally, this was the methods by which HRM, Human Resource Management showed up. Taught individuals perceived that the man at work is the advantage of any affiliation and is dynamic in the way of considering and furthermore working, in this way his individual identity should be held. Besides, this passed on a conclusion to the PM approach that had a comprehensive perspective in overseeing labors.This approach can be adequately appreciated by differentiating it and the traditional organization approach where boss achieved something and a short time later finished it through people according to his orders and under his strict control and supervision without taking experts into conviction just to satisfy his driving forces. According to Jensen and Meckling (1992), the human resource organization approach, of course, is developmental and facilitative. It empowers people to create and support them in making restriction, obligations and diverse limits in them to make a climate where all can add to the relationship to the uttermost ranges of their upgraded limits. It will achieve specialist ampleness. People will get work satisfaction by making all the more full use of their abilities and this is decidedly required for the quick and convincing achievement of various leveled objective. In like boss part under HRM approach changes. He doesn't control the agents to finish the work rather support them to create to their full limits. In this way, the front line boss is required to give a conventional definitive climate wherein people can create and be beneficial. HR practice in contemporary work situations According to Park and Shaw (2013), new challenges come up with the new or contemporary business environment, these challenges affect many important parts or segments of management. These important parts include Human resources management. These issues are concerned about the legislation, diverse work forces, and technology etc. Managers who are facing this kind of challenges and practices use their expertise and the skills in order to avert these issues and challenges (Park and Shaw, 2013). According to Glover Butler (2012), the Hr practices in the contemporary situation may cause to the employee motivation and the development of employees, training, and development, rewarding of the employee. HR practices cause to the increase and improvement in the employee performance and the increased productivity. These definitions of the relationships between Hr. practices in contemporary situations are having both negative and the positive perspective. Both the authors have defined their own perspective towards Hr. practices but both define the same thing in different ways with some expansion. These are the following issues and challenges faced by the Hr. practices in the contemporary work situation, Multi-Generational challenges in the workplace, legislation affecting the workplace, technological advances at workplace etc Structured organization and business - According to Ramo and Prochaska (2012), case change (HR influence opportunity 39%). From Berlin: Building a business case requires a sensible cognizance of the business or associations that HR serves, and also the working relationship with all business pioneers. HR can achieve both by incorporating business pioneers in the organizing strategies and organization (Ramo and Prochaska, 2012). This commitment in like manner ensures the business course of action and, in light of that game plan, the business buys in and reinforce." Creating pushed workforce masterminding capacities (HR influence opportunity 28%). From Bersin: "High-influence HR affiliations combine progressed gauging and workforce examination concerning their techniques. This engages them to decode broad capacity, business data, and external workforce area data into workable encounters that they can use and offer with business pioneers." Executing the "right" HR strategies for knowledge (HR influence opportunity 27%). From Bersin: "High-influence HR affiliations tend to submit themselves to making working environments that enable delegates to prosper both as individuals and as supporters of business accomplishment. According to Chambers and Trippel (2012), they attempt to make positive laborer circumstances and unmistakably pass on these yearnings in the HR rationale and mission. The best techniques for knowledge focus on empowering improvement and joint exertion, or making the best workplace, while the smallest reasonable rationalities focus scarcely on capability or cost-cutting attempts." Decreasing administrative work for HR business associates (HR influence opportunity 25%). From Bersin: "Various HR limits have a section that is a contact between the HR limit and business pioneers. The specifics of this part move for the most part. High-influence HR affiliations use it to provoke senior business pioneers, focusing on decision help, workforce masterminding, activity change and authority teaching. By selecting the right individual, HR can improve its trustworthiness over the wander, upgrade working relationship with business pioneers, create regular cognizance and get the effect. Exactly when this part is executed insufficiently, with more focus on administrative commitments and taking solicitations, our examination found that it can truly diminish an HR's ability to work feasible and capable. Conclusion From this study, it has been concluded that in order to decide the organizational structure many factors are considered. Organizational structure decides the flow of communication in the organization. The organization structure is a part of organizational behavior. Organizational behavior predicts the behavior of humans in groups, how they behave in groups. This organizational behavior has its own theories. In DNT functional organizational structure is being followed. This structure is having its weaknesses and the strengths both the perspective. In this structure there is the downward flow of communication is used, authority is delegated to subordinates from the superior. In DNT organizational while working in groups the personalities of individuals and their traits have been collected from the study. Ella is having the extrovert Nature and Ahmed is of introvert nature and many other traits of them have been noted in this study. In DNT organization, CSR is playing an important role in order to motivate people, increase productivity and to increase customer satisfaction etc. in order to change the business environment, one has to deal with the challenges and issues and some actions should be taken in order to overcome these consequences. These consequences are the reward of taking the risk to change. Recommendations It has been seen from the present examination that HR rephrases are given due thought the entire unit under study as their mean scores were seen to be better than expected. This is a solid sign. Of the common HR Practices which got a great reaction from the respondents were HR Planning, Recruitment, and Selection, Enlistment, Training and Development, Fringe Benefits, Welfare Activities according to Statutory Requirements, Suggestion Schemes, SHE (Safety, Health, and Environment) strategy and Promotions and Transfers. In the event that these practices proceed and upgraded keeping in pace with the changing worldwide human resources condition, some better Conclusions and Recommendations results could be unmistakably found in this industry. In any case, there have been some basic territories of perception, which are a piece of HR Practices and are essential from the HRM point of view. These ranges are Career Planning, Reward, and Acknowledgment, and Welfare Activities past Statutory Req uirements, Performance Examination, and Exit Policy. References Baugh, J.A., 2017. To Recruitment. The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Recruitment, Selection and Employee Retention, p.12. Callahan, J.L., and Connor, G., 2015. 21. The competing interests of paradigm and praxis in critical HRD research: incorporating quantitative methods to enact critical practice. Handbook of research methods in human resource development, p.311. Ceylan, C., 2013. Commitment-based HR practices, different types of innovation activities and firm innovation performance. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(1), pp.208-226. Chambers, R.C. and Trippel, E. eds., 2012. Early life history and recruitment in fish populations (Vol. 21). Springer Science Business Media. Dunn, W.N., 2015. Public policy analysis. Routledge. Zehra A., Burma., 2014. Human Resource Management and Its Importance for Todays Organizations, International Journal of Education and Social Science (vol.1 no. 2), Fincham, R. and Rhodes, P., 2005. Principles of organizational behavior. OUP Catalogue. Glover, L. and Butler, P., 2012. High?performance work systems, partnership and the working lives of HR professionals. Human Resource Management Journal, 22(2), pp.199-215. Huczynski, A. and Buchanan, D.A., 2010. Organizational behavior. Financial Times Prentice Hall. Islam, G., 2012. Recognition, reification, and practices of forgetting: Ethical implications of human resource management. Journal of Business Ethics, 111(1), pp.37-48. Jensen, M.C. and Meckling, W.H., 1992. Specific and general knowledge and organizational structure. Kaliannan, M. and Adjovu, S.N., 2015. Effective employee engagement and organizational success: a case study. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172, pp.161-168. Lee, R. and Lawrence, P., 2013. Organizational Behavior (RLE: Organizations): Politics at Work (Vol. 18). Routledge. Lewis, R. and Zibarras, L. eds., 2013. Work and occupational psychology: integrating theory and practice. Sage. Marchington, M. and Kynighou, A., 2012. The dynamics of employee involvement and participation during turbulent times. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(16), pp.3336-3354. Marchington, M., Wilkinson, A., Donnelly, R., and Kynighou, A., 2016. Human resource management at work. Kogan Page Publishers. Marescaux, E., De Winne, S. and Sels, L., 2013. HR practices and affective organizational commitment:(when) does HR differentiation pay off?. Human Resource Management Journal, 23(4), pp.329-345. Mertens, D.M. and Wilson, A.T., 2012. Program evaluation theory and practice: A comprehensive guide. Guilford Press. Ouchi, W.G., 1977. The relationship between organizational structure and organizational control. Administrative science quarterly, pp.95-113. Park, T.Y. and Shaw, J.D., 2013. Turnover rates and organizational performance: a meta-analysis. Park, T.Y. and Shaw, J.D., 2013. Turnover rates and organizational performance: a meta-analysis. Ramo, D.E. and Prochaska, J.J., 2012. Broad reach and targeted recruitment using Facebook for an online survey of young adult substance use. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(1). Robbins, S.P., Judge, T. and Campbell, T.T., 2010. Organizational behavior. Financial Times Prentice Hall. Tikkamki, K. and Hilden, S., 2014. Making work and learning more visible by reflective practice. Research in post-compulsory education, 19(3), pp.287-301. Tikkamki, K. and Hilden, S., 2014. Making work and learning more visible by reflective practice. Research in post-compulsory education, 19(3), pp.287-301. Zhu, C.J., Zhang, M. and Shen, J., 2012. Paternalistic and transactional HRM: the nature and transformation of HRM in contemporary China. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(19), pp.3964-3982.

Transformation By Marry Shelley Essays - Romanticism, Mary Shelley

Transformation By Marry Shelley So you plant your own garden and decorate Your own soul, instead of waiting For someone to bring you flowers... (Unknown poet) The short story ? Transformation? by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley is a confession of a man, who experiences supernatural adventure that completely changes his personality. One of the most important themes of the story is the struggle of good and evil in a soul of a person. This theme is topical at all times. Every person has his own sins, and he is able to estimate them only if he manages to take a detached view of himself. Happiness of a person depends on weather he is able to fight against dark side of his soul or not. Love and selfless feelings help him in this fight. To convey this theme successfully the author uses the concept of doppelganger. It helps her to develop the character of Guido (the narrator), and to divide his good and bad features. She stresses the importance of what the character sees through his own eyes, how he perceives himself and others around him. In the beginning of the story the narrator characterizes himself as an extremely selfish, elate, careless person, who is not able to control his wild emotions and passions. He looses his father's money only because of that. More than that he is not able to keep the most important person of his life ? his innocent and fragile bride Juliet. Unfortunately, at the moment the narrator does not understand all his mistakes and just continues his wasteful life. Only at the edge of his life, when he is sure that he will die in a while ?I shall soon die here on these lonely sands, and the limbs he covets will be mine no more...? he meets this ugly malignant dwarf and finally realizes all his mistakes. The dwarf actually forces him to find the way out, he shows him all the ugliest sides of his soul and it makes the narrator revalue the meaning of his life. His beautiful appearance and gracefulness is not really important for him any more. He is ready to lay it down for a chance to keep his love. The theme of love is the central one in this story. For me it seems to be very complicated. I have a feeling that in the beginning of the story the narrator does not truly love Juliet. He easily leaves her in Genoa and goes traveling. He comes back in a while, but only because of his pride, he can not accept an idea that she might belong to someone else: ?Another will call her his! ? that smile of paradise will bless another!? His true feelings become clear to the reader only when he starts to fight the dwarf to save Juliet: ?to-morrow my bride was to pledge her vows to a fiend from hell! And I did this! ? my accursed pride ? my democratic violence and wicked self-idolatry had caused this act.? The real ?transformation? of the character begins at the same moment. Being infirm and helpless it is easier for Guido to ?transform? into a better person. At the darkest moment of his life he sees the dream that guides him to fight for his love: ? What did it mean? was my dream but a mirror of the truth? was he wooing and winning my betrothed? I would on the instant back to Genoa...? He is sure that he wants to destroy the fiend, but at the same time it is hard for him to accept an idea that he has to kill his own body. His fear disappears when he sees Juliet with this terrible man, who is nice and handsome outside, but cruel and ugly inside: ?Now I was no longer master of myself. I rushed forward ? I threw myself on him ? I tore him away...? Only true love made the character involve in this deadly action, and he is ready to loose his life for it. Guido wins this fight. Only at the very end of the story the narrator understands that this ugly dwarf is nothing but himself from the inside: ? knowing that him whom she reviled was my very self?. I think that Mary Shelley wants us to understand that a man's soul like the Moon has its two opposite sides ? the bright and the dark one. We all are to fight against our bad features during the life. This

New France essays

New France essays From the time Samuel de Champlain first stepped foot on Canadian soil to the Jesuits setting up permanent missionaries on the First Nations land, it was evident that the colonization of New France would not be easy. After many failed attempts at creating a settlement along the St. Lawrence River, it was only in 1701 when the Iroquois reached a peace agreement with the French, that allowed New France the opportunity to expand and flourish. The purpose of the young colony, if it succeeded, was to help make France rich and so mercantilism was enforced to insure all goods would only be available to the mother country as well as its colonies in the Caribbean. In order for this to work however, New France had to be self-sufficient and from there a new community was born. A Government designed to oversee the activity of New France was put in place by the Crown, and with the growth of settlement, the economic face of the colony began to change along with the social aspect which included the influence the Church had on the Canadians. All these factors came into play to create New France, a new distinct community, very different from what Old France had in mind when they first sent explorers down the St. Lawrence. With Louis XIV on the throne of France, an absolute monarchy was created where all authority would come from him. New France was then declared a royal province and under his control. Jean-Baptiste Colbert was appointed the title: Minister of Marines, and below him in order of power came The Governor, The Intendant, The bishop and the appointed councillors, all of whom made up the Sovereign Council Under Colberts supervision the seigneurial system was adopted to control land titles among the settlers. Two distinct groups emerged from this system: The Seigneurs, mostly made up of nobles and religious bodies, and The Censitaires, who were known as peasant settlers. The seigneurs had rights over the soil, howev...

BB1751 Quantitative Methods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BB1751 Quantitative Methods - Research Paper Example The results have been tabulated and compared to show comparisons between the restaurants, their sizes, sales, types, employees, etc. Results are expressed in thousands of pounds. The survey results represent 279 completed self-reporting mail surveys. The respondents were asked to quantify various specific restaurant facts. Most surveys were filled out completely while some were partially completed. When tabulated the blank entries were recorded as "no response". The respondents were asked to relate the general business outlook on a 1 - 7 scale where 1 represents very unfavourable and 7 represents very favourable. The following pie chart helps explain the results: The chart helps report the following results of the general business outlook: 14% reported very unfavourable, 14% reported less favourable, 24% reported unfavourable, 26% reported favourable, 18% reported more favourable, 3% most favourable, 1% very favourable, and 0% no response. The majority of respondents reported the general business outlook as favourable. The majority (51%) of businesses reported that they were small with less than ten employees. Medium size businesses made up of 10 to 20 employees were of 24% of the total. Large businesses, those with 20 or more employees were (21%) of the total. 5% of the respondents reported no size. Total sales for small businesses... rket value for all businesses in the sector was measured at 83788 with a high of 12000 for one business and an average market value of 349.12 for all businesses. The total cost of goods sold measured 12.6% of total sales and wages measured 7% of total sales. The total spent on advertising within the sector was 2726. Respondents reported that of the restaurants in the sector 53% were fast food, 33% were Business Dinner/Lunch, 10% were Private Dinner/Lunch, and 4% left that question blank. The total seating capacity reported within the sector were 19173 seats with the average being 72 seats and the highest being 550 seats. Restaurants within the sector are sole ownership (38%), partnership (9%), or company owned (48%). 5% of the respondents left the question blank. The following chart gives the percentage breakdown: The Average number of fulltime employees per business is 11 and the average number of part-time employees if 13. The majority (51%) of businesses reported that they were small with less than ten employees. Medium size businesses made up of 10 to 20 employees were of 24% of the total. Large businesses, those with 20 or more employees were (21%) of the total. 5% of the respondents reported no size. Total sales for small businesses were reported as 18927, medium 17494, and large 45822. Average sales per small business were reported as 145.59, medium business 291.57, and large business 848.56. Large businesses made more overall, with small businesses next and medium business sales falling about 1500 behind the small businesses. The averages followed the small, medium, large pattern. The business outlook based upon restaurant type was pretty much the same with the average scores between 3.3 and 3.4. That represents a reporting between

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Weekly progress report - Coursework Example government through wired technologies that have been replaced by mobile technologies because of easy availability and large penetration and acceptance. I also read the article titled Principles of Public Administration written by Jeong C. and Nawi F. (2007) on Tuesday and Wednesday, three hours each day, to understand the role of information communication technologies enhancing the efficiency of government’s information. I also read the article titled M-Commerce: Technologies, services, and business models written by Sadeh (2002), stating mobile government is the strategic and advanced use of government services through mobile and cellular devices, on Wednesday and Thursday, three hours each day. The research conducted by Caroll (2005), titled Risky Business: Will Citizens Accept M-government in the Long Term, stated that unless the government understands the needs and requirements of citizens, long term value cannot be achieved. In the upcoming week, I will gain deep understanding over research methods and designs by following the book Research Methods for Business Students written by Saunders et al (2007). Based on the reading and personal idea, I will be formulating strategies for collecting primary data along with identifying samples for the research process. I will be reading chapter 4 based on understanding research philosophies and approaches on Saturday and Sunday for three hours each day; chapter 5 based on formulating research design, chapter 7 titled Collecting Samples, and chapter 11 based on collecting primary data through questionnaires on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday respectively for four hours each day. It will help me in forming a profound understanding over sampling and data collection methods. I will preferably use snow ball sampling method as it allows identifying few numbers of respondents and seeking further references for them. This strategy will be used to identify samples for the su rvey purpose. I will also design questionnaires for

Business Law Core Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

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Social And Cultural Impacts On The Environment Tourism Essay

Social And Cultural Impacts On The Environment Tourism Essay The Tourism Industry is regarded as one of the most important and fastest growing industry around the world. Travel has been of great interest to people since the beginning of the civilization. Recently, it has been noted that there has been an increase in tourists arrivals, especially in small island states. According to UNWTO, tourism will continue to grow in 2011. Tourism sector has suffered from the global financial crisis in 2008 and 2009, but thanks to the improved economic conditions worldwide, international tourism has been able to recover from the decline brought in the financial crisis. (United Nations, 2010). The travel and tourism industry is one of the largest and most dynamic industries in the world and this industry is expected to generate about 9% of global GDP and provide for more than 235 million jobs representing 8 % of global employment (Merco Press, 2010).The WTO has set up the long-term forecast of the assessment of the development of tourism up to the first 20 years of the new millennium known as the Tourism 2020 vision.UNWTOs Tourism 2020 vision predicts that international arrivals are expected to reach over 1.56 billion by the year 2020. Of these worldwide arrivals in 2020, 1.2 will be intraregional and 0.4 will be long-haul travelers. The top three receiving regions will be Europe with 717 million tourists, East Asia and the Pacific around 397 million and the Americas with 282 million, followed by the Africa, Middle East and South Asia (UNWTO, 2011). As such, the tourist will continue to be a flourishing industry in the coming years. Tourism has been described as the smokeless industry that can bring that can bring maximum benefit to a community as compared to other economic activities. Tourism has been viewed as a means of improving a community as a better place to live and generating economic benefits. 2.1 Tourism impacts There are many academic researchers that have been done on the impacts of tourism. Many local communities believe that tourism can stimulate change in social, cultural, environmental and economic dimensions where tourism activities have had a close connection with the local communities (Beeton, 2006;Richards Hall, 2000).It is important to understand and assess tourism impacts so as to maintain sustainability and the long-term success of the tourism industry (Diedrich Garcia-Buades, 2008). Tourism is also regarded to as the worlds largest industry and regarded as a means of achieving community development (Sharpley, 2002). As such, it becomes imperative to understand tourism impacts towards the community. Below is a diagram illustrating tourism impacts on the community. Perceived Negative Impacts of Tourism Personal Benefit from Tourism Resident Characteristics Support for Additional Tourism Community Tourism Dependence Perceived Positive Impacts of Tourism Support for Tourism Planning Source: Adapted from Perdue, Long and Allen 1990, p.589 In the twenty-first century, researchers on tourism points out a range of both positive and negative impacts on the host community as a result of tourism development. (Fredline and Faulkner, 2000; Upchurch and Teivane, 2000). Several studies have been conducted that explain the impacts of tourism on the environment, economy, society and culture. Researches done on the impacts of tourism on the society are wide and varied. For example, as Ryan (1991) states that the greatest impacts of tourism will occur when there is a greater gap between the culture and income level of both host and tourist. Locals perceptions towards the tourism impacts can vary significantly. According to Sharma (2004), if residents have more positive attititudes towards tourism impacts, tourism development will be more successful in a community. If residents benefit from tourism development they support additional tourism planning and development in a community. By understanding the residents perceptions, can help to access support for continued tourism development through community capacity building. Gursoy Rutherford (2004) outlines that tourism developers need to consider the perceptions and attitudes of residents before investing in scarce resources. In addition, understanding of residents perceptions towards tourism impacts can also help in identifying the types of tourism which have the potential for building community capacity (Moscardo, 2008, p.86). On the other hand, various studies show that people who have an economic benefit from tourism perceive more positive impact from it (Chon, 2000). Economic impacts In the beginning, tourism was encouraged because of its economic impacts. It is highly accepted that tourism provides economic benefits to the community. The economic impacts of tourism are the most widely researched impacts of tourism on community (Mason, 2003).Economic impacts are easier to research in a local community because it is small and generally it is more accessible. Moreover, tourism can have positive benefits on local economies and a visible impact on national GDP growth which can be an essential component for community development and poverty reduction. (Ashe, 2005). For instance, tourism creates employment for locals, investment opportunities, business opportunities, tax revenues for government and it also help small and medium enterprises for countries, regions and communities to expand (Ryan ,1998; Choi Sirakaya, 2005; Dyer,2007) but on the other hand tourism can have negative economic impacts on the society such as : too much dependency on foreign capital, inflatio n , leakages and a low education trap for locals (Giannoni Maupertus, 2007). Yet, more important is the benefits spread to the residents of local communities (Scheyvens, 2001).The economic impacts of tourism are therefore, generally perceived positively by the residents (Tatoglu et al; 2000).For the development of tourism to occur, environment, societies and cultures at the destination has paid a heavy price. The main concern is not only the development but to tackle the challenges posed by the development (Chaudhary, 2007). Social and cultural impacts According to law (1993,pp.135-164), culture and society are in a state of constant change because of many factors, notably the rapid progress in communications and social interactions that can extend rapidly over vast distances. Social impacts refer to changes in the lives of people who live in destination communities and these impacts are mostly associated with residents and tourists. On the hand, cultural impacts refer to changes in the arts, artifacts, customs, rituals and architecture of a people and are longer term changes resulting from tourism development than other types of development. Social and cultural impacts refer to changes to residents everyday experiences as well as to their values, way of life and intellectual and artistic products. Social and cultural impacts are strongly interrelated and not limited only to the host area population (Glasson, 1995, p.34).In many destinations, the nature and traditional meanings of culture may be substantially changed when culture i s redefined as market share (Earrington and Gewertz, 1996). Because of this, a host community may face cultural problems of the commercialization of culture, religion and the arts together with the misuse of indigeneous culture as attractions and be forced to adopt cultural habits of the tourists, such as their language, dress and manner to satisfy visitors (Cohen, 1979).Another downside of tourism development is seen in many parts of the world where tourism developments threaten the displacement of local people. On the other hand, Glasson (1995, p.35-36) argues that along with the downside of development, there are cultural benefits and intercultural communication between hosts and visitors that increase good understanding between them. Without tourists, local culture and tradition may have been lost completely, as there is no market for traditional products. Environmental impacts Environmental impacts occur as a result of tourism development in many regions of the world as communities struggle to find an optimal balance between optimal and conservation. Recently,it has been found that tourism activities are highly dependent on the environment. Research has shown the impacts that tourism has on natural resources (Green, Hunter and Moore, 2000).Most of the researchers have been conducted on natural or semi-natural areas, with very little research done on urban settings (Green, 1990).Specific sites have been examined such as Alpine areas (Goodman, 1987;Rodriguez, 1987), islands (Wilkinson, 1989), coastal areas (Martinez-Taberner, Moya and Forteza, 1990). In addition, most research has been focused around the negative impacts that tourism has on natural resources after the damage has taken place.As such, tourism is always blamed to be responsible for resource degradation (Farell and McLellan, 1987).On the other hand, there are also positive impacts of tourism ass ociated with the environment. 2.2 The Environmental Impacts of Tourism The environment is probably one of the most important contributors to the desirability and attractiveness of a destination. Scenic sites, amenable climates and unique landscape features have an important influence in tourism development and the spatial distribution of tourism movement. (Coccossis and Nijkamp, 1995, p.4) Tourism and the environment are interrelated as tourism is dependent on natural resources to survive. There are studies that have identified both the positive and negative environmental impacts of tourism (Burns Holden, 1995; Puckzo Ratz, 2000). Table 1 can better illustrate both the positive and negative impacts of tourism in a destination area. Table 1 Balance sheet of environmental impacts of tourism Area of effect Negative impacts Positive impacts Biodiversity Disruption of breeding/feeding patterns Killing of animals for leisure (hunting) or to supply souvenir trade. Loss of habitats and change in species composition Destruction of vegetation Encouragement to conserve animals as attractions. Establishment of protected or conserved areas to meet tourist demands Erosion and physical damage Soil erosion Damage to sites through trampling Overloading of key infrastructure (e.g. water supply networks) Tourism revenue to finance ground repair and site restoration Improvement to infrastructure prompted by tourist demand Pollution Water pollution through sewage or fuel spillage and rubbish from pleasure boats Air pollution (e.g. vehicle emissions) Noise pollution (e.g. from vehicles or tourist attractions: bars, discos, etc.) Littering Cleaning programmes to protect the attractiveness of location to tourists Resource base Depletion of ground and surface water Diversion of water supply to meet tourist needs (e.g. golf courses or pools) Depletion of local fuel sources Depletion of local building-material sources Development of new/improved sources of supply Visual/structural change Land transfers to tourism (e.g. from farming) Detrimental visual impact on natural and non-natural landscapes through tourism development Introduction of new architectural styles Changes in (urban) functions Physical expansion of built-up areas Regeneration and/or modernisation of built environment Reuse of disused buildings Source: Adapted from Hunter and Green (1990) For the negative impacts of tourism, Puckzo and Ratz (2000) observed that tourism development that are not well-planned often leads to increased stress on destinations and in negative changes in the destinations physical and socio cultural attributes. According to Wood (1991), it is possible to identify broad categories of impacts that may affect all destinations. Water pollution is believed to be one of the environmental impacts caused by tourism. It can affect surfaces such as rivers, lakes and oceans. Chemical and oils spills from boats can cause devastating water pollution that kills water birds, shellfish and other wildlife. Tourists can also contribute to the degradation of the marine life also through:snorkelling,scuba diving and sport fishing can threaten fisheries and other marine resources. For example, tourism is known to have contributed to inappropriate development around Lake Tahoe in the United States (Iverson, Sheppard Strain, 1993) and at Pattaya in Thailand (Mieczk owski, 1995); oil pollution in water at King George island (Harris, 1991); habitat loss, fragmentation and erosion in Nepal (Croall, 1995); destruction of wildlife at Zakynthos in Greece (Prunier, Sweeney Gree, 1993); disturbance of animals and loss of area for production in Kenya (Sindiga Kannunah, 1999). Apart from the consumption of large amounts of natural resources, the tourism industry also produces considerable waste and pollution. In fact, disposal of liquid and solid waste generated by the tourism industry has posed a problem for many developing countries and some countries are incapable of treating these waste materials. This has led to reducing the availability of natural resources such as fresh water. For example, in Kerala state the tourist industry collapses after two decades of fast growth because there was inadequate disposal of solid waste. Tourists also contribute to land pollution from solid waste and the contamination of marine waters and coastal areas from pollution generated by marinas, hotels and cruise ships. Moreover, the tourist industry uses high level of energy consumption in hotels including: air-conditioning, heating and cooking as well as transportation which can cause air pollution in many host countries. Air and noise pollution as well congestions are likely to result from tourist development. Tourism activities which are not properly controlled can also cause severe disruption of wildlife habitats and increased pressure on endangered species. For example, in Africas national parks tourists vehicles approach wild animals and very often distract them from hunting and breeding, in the carribean sea there are even boat crews that pursue whales and dolphins and as such discourage petting which tends to disturb the animals feeding and behaviour (Masny,2001). In addition, tourism also leads to the clearance of native vegetation for the development of new facilities, new infrastructure and tourist development. There is an increase in demand for fuelwood and even forest fires. This results not only in the destruction of local habitats and ecosystems but also in the processes of erosion and landslide. Fragile areas such as: forests, wet lands and mangroves are also threatened by tourism activities. On the other side, tourism contributes to the positive benefits of the environment. Doswell (1997) argues that tourism lays emphasis to conserve and protect the environment. Tourism also draws attention to subjects regarding biodiversity, endangered species and human impacts on the environment. Tourism is also used as a means to preserve natural areas rather than to develop them for alternative uses such as: agriculture, forestry and mining (Master, 1998). Tourism can contribute to the conservation of sensitive areas and habitat. For example, in Ghana tourism has helped in maintaining the natural reserves. Tourists can help towards environmental protection, conservation and biological diversity and sustainable use of natural resources. In this way, natural areas become valuable and this can lead to creation of national parks and wildlife parks.Revenue received from park-entrance fees can be allocated to pay for the protection and management of sensitive areas. On the hand, in some pl aces government collect money from tourists in indirect ways. For example: user tax, sales or recreation of rental equipment and license fees for hunting and fishing can provide government with the proper fund needed to manage natural resources and to finance infrastructure. Tourism encourages cleaning programmes , and this reduces the damaging Another change that can affect tourism is climate change. Climate impact is considered as the consequences of climate change on natural and human systems (IPCC, 2001). Climate impacts can be for example: the primary productivity of an ecosystem, snow cover depth. For example, a Bigano (2006) stimulates the effects of development and climate change on tourism. Climate change could negatively affect countries and regions that depend heavily on tourism. 2.3 Residents perceptions towards tourism For the long-term success of the tourism industry, it is imperative to understand and assess residents attitudes towards the impact of tourism development (Ap,1992; Ritchie and Inkari, 2006). Sustainable tourism development can be achieved normally when all stakeholders are involved in the process (Bryd, 2007). Sustainable tourism believes that the community is the focal point of tourism and planning process (Choi and Sirakaya, 2005).In addition, investigating the residents perceptions towards tourism is important because it influence their behaviour towards tourism (Andriotis and Vaughan, 2003). Studies show that the perceptions of residents towards tourism differ toward tourism development. Sustainable tourism development largely depends on the hosts acceptability of tourists and tourism-related programs, offerings and activities by locals (Musa, Hall, and Higham 2004). The active support of the local population is required for tourism development to occur in a community. One indic ator that affects tourism development in a destination is the host attitude (Lepp, 2007). In a destination area, the attitudes of the tourists and residents are taken into account. Another factor that is likely to influence the negative and positive impacts of tourists destination is residents attachment to community. Some researchers, Canan and Hennessy (1989) states that the longer the residents live in a community, the more negative they are towards tourism development. The lengths of residency of locals have a direct impact on tourism development. There are several studies that have been conducted to explain the residents perceptions towards tourism impacts and how far residents support tourism development in a community. Theories such as the attribution theory (Pearce, 1989); dependency theory (Preister, 2008), the social representation theory (Andriotis Vaughan, 2003), Butlers (1980) tourist area life cycle, Doxeys Irridex model, the intrinsic and extrinsic framework (Faulkner Tideswell, 1997) and the social exchange theory (SET) (Ap, 1982) have been developed in an attempt to better understand the host perceptions towards tourism. However, it is the SET that have received the greatest attention by scholars attempting to study residents attitudes towards tourism and their support towards tourism development. (Gursoy Rutherford, 2004; Sirakaya, Teye , Sonmez, 2002). However there are also other popular theories such as:Butlers Area Life Cycle (1980, Doxeys Irritation Index, the extrinsic/intrinsic model (Faulkner and Tideswell 1997) which describe the host-tourist relation. 2.3.1Social Exchange Theory In a tourism context, social exchange theory would mean an exchange of resources between the tourists and the host population where each of the supply each other with valued resources (Ap, 1992, p.668). SET implies that residents who gain benefits from the tourism industry are likely to perceive the industry as positive and thus support tourist industry, while those who perceive themselves incurring costs because of tourism would display negative attitudes towards tourism thereby opposing such development. The SET theory is the most common type of theory used to assess tourism impacts in a particular destination. Social exchange theory firmly believes that a need exists to measure the level of active participation of residents in the planning and development process associated with tourism development (Wang Pister, 2008). In the tourism literature, several studies have been conducted and which explained the theory of residents perceptions and assessments of the costs and benefits of tourism and their support for tourism development. In simpler words, social exchange theory supports that residents calculate the costs and benefits of tourism development, and their effort for tourism development (Ap, 1992; Yoon 2001). As such residents become aware of the positive and negative impacts of tourism and can decide whether to support or not to support tourism development. Figure1: Factors affecting residents attitudes towards tourists EXTRINSIC DIMENSION INTRINSIC DIMENSION Period of Residence Mature State of Development Early Stage of Development Long Term Recent Arrival High Tourist Ratio Adapted Non- adapteddd Employment Lifestyle Choice Low Tourist Ratio Perception of Tourism + International Tourism Orientation Domestic Tourism Orientation No Yes Non-Tourism Zone Tourism Zone High Seasonality Low Seasonality Residential Proximity Involvement Source: Faulkner and Tideswell (1997) 2.3.2 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Model Numerous studies have identified the factors that affect residents perceptions .Such factors have been used in the tourism literature to describe tourism impacts (Jurowski Gursoy, 2004). These are intrinsic and extrinsic variables (Faulkner Tideswell, 1997, Fredline Faulkner, 2000, p.765). The intrinsic variables refer to the characteristics of the host community that affect the impacts of tourism with the host community (Faulkner Tideswell, 1997, p.6) and includes factors such as:employment, length of residence, proximity to tourist zones and involvement within the tourism industry. Length of residency affect tourism development in a community, native born of the community have been found to have more negative perception of tourism development because they are attached to that place (Madrigal, 1995). On the other hand, Bisle and Hoy (1980) found a positive relationship between distance of residence from the tourist zone and perceptions. As regards to community attachment, studie s showed that the longer a host has been a resident in the area; as such they become less attached to tourism (Weaver, 2001). Residents who are dependent and involved in the tourism sector are more likely to have positive attitudes towards tourism (Linderb, 1997). The intrinsic variable shows that the host community is not homogeneous but rather heterogeneous meaning that the perceptions of tourism differ among the residents (Andriotis Vaughan, 2003; Faulkner Tideswell, 1997; Fredline Faulkner, 2000). The extrinsic factors are the characteristics of a location with respect to its role as a tourist destination including the nature and stage of tourist activity and the types of tourists involved (Faulkner Tideswell, 1997, p.6).The extrinsic factors that are likely to influence host attitudes towards tourism is the stage of tourism development occurring in a destination (Andriotis Vaughan, 2003) as argued by Butler (1980) and Doxey (1975). The extrinsic factors are:seasonality, type of tourists, particular stage of development, the tourist guest-ratio (Doxey, 1973; butler, 1980; Ap, 1983).Seasonality affect a destination, during peak seasons there is high flow of tourists resulting in economic inflation, traffic congestion and this affect the residents way of lives on the other hand, residents who are dependent on tourism are likely to tolerate these disruptive conditions. (Rothman, 1978; Beliste, 1980; Sheldon, 1984).The type of tourists is another factor that affects residents pe rceptions of tourism. Some tourists are independent travellers while others depend on locals, they try adjust with locals they accept the hosts local conditions (Amir, 1985; Page 2003). In understanding residents perceptions towards tourism, the stage of development is considered among the most important factors. To better illustrate this issue, it was important to investigate Butlers Tourism Destination Lifecycle Model. 2.3.3 Butlers Area Life Cycle Another model in regard to the host-tourist destination is Butlers Area Lifecycle Model. Although that this model dates three decades, it is still academically recognized. Butler (1980) believes that tourist areas evolve and change over time. According to this evolution, the stages that tourist areas experience are: exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, decline or rejuvenation. Using a life-cycle model, Butler describes the resident and tourist involvement in destination area. Unlike products, destinations have a lifecycle too. Figure 2 illustrates the lifecycle of a destination. ] Figure 2 Hypothetical Evolution of a Tourist Area (Adapted from Miller and Gallucci, 2004) Using a life-cycle model, Butler describes the resident and tourist involvement in destination area. Unlike products, destinations have a lifecycle too. Moreover, Butler has also explained why tourism leads to unsustainability. By using the example of the life-cycle model, he describes how a small group of tourists explore a natural attraction by involving local residents and making subsequent development of the area. With time, the number of tourists grows, eventually leading to mass tourism. And if the tourism products are not rejuvenated, stagnation occurs at the destination and there is a fall through over-consumption of tourism products which is beyond the carrying capacity of the destination. (including adverse effects on the environment)Butler also focuses that if there is no proper management and control, environment degradation is inevitable once carrying capacity has been reached and then exceeded making mass tourism unsustainable. As noted by Jamison (1999), at the stagnat ion stage, locals have begun to express some discontent with tourism and its effects. When a destination develops, unmet residents expectations and other negative impacts of development are also likely to result in changes and attitudes towards the industry. (Teye, Sonmez and Sirakaya , 2002). The TALC S-shaped curve has also been used to describe the host-guest dichotomy- from the excitement of the potential of tourism through to resentment of tourists, resulting from exceeding local social carrying capacity. However, certain limitations have been found in Butlers model. It has been pointed out that the model assumes a degree of homogeneity of community reactions (Mason and Cheyne, 2000), but Butler denies by saying a consistent evolution of tourist area can be conceptualized.Tosun (2002) suggests that this model applies to specific areas and not all areasbecause the cycle varies from one tourist area to another. 2.3.4 Doxeys Irritation Index Associated with Butlers life cycle theory is Doxeys Irritation Index or Irridex which describes the resident-tourist interaction and attitude. This model explains host community reaction to tourism development in a specific area. The model outlines that negative impacts of tourism development might make residents feel irritated as with time host and tourists become incompatible with each other. The model has four stages which vary from euphoria, apathy, annoyance and to antagonism. Although Doxeys (1975) irridex is regarded as one of the most influential theory has been starting from Euphoria to Antagonism, where the resident irritation increases through the stages 1 to 4. (1=low irritation,4=high level of irritation). One limitation of this theory and that of Butler also, is the assumption a community is heterogeneous. The study implies that is the whole community that becomes hostile to tourism, but very often different sections of the community have different reactions. It can be concluded that the Doxey Irritation Index is simple but it does indicate a factor in tourism development and by these social changes some residents will develop antagonistic attitudes towards tourism. 2.4 Residents perceptions towards tourism environmental impacts The environment is one of the main area in which residents assess the potential impacts of tourism before they decide to embrace or reject it. According to Kuvan and Akan (2005, p.703) residents are more sensitive and concerned for problems related to the environment than the other negative impacts of tourism. Following this, Liu, Sheldon, and Var (1987) reported that residents have high ratings for environmental impacts. According to Mieczkowski (1995, p.8) defines the natural environment as a combination of non-living things, that is, abiotic, physical components together with biological resources or the biosphere including flora and fauna. Kuvan and Akan (2005) describes scholars interests in investigating into community attitudes towards tourism impact on the natural environment at a time when ecological problems such as: pollution, depletion of natural resources and deforestation are increasing. This means that mountaineous areas, savannahs, wetlands, deserts, islands and the a rtic have biophysical characteristics that cause damage to the natural environment. These fragile areas when disturbed, normally have relatively slow rates of recovery (Harrison Price, 1996). The focus on environmental impacts emerged from residents perceived impacts of the environmental impacts and other tourism impacts such as economic and social impacts of tourism has lagged behind. (Kuvan Akan, 2005).Moreover, there is a lack of information on residents perceived environmental impacts of tourism in developing countries (Kuvan Akan , 2005; Madrgal, 1993). It is an agreed fact that tourism is believed to have a far more visible effect in rural areas and developing contries than urban areas and perhaps tourism has a greater effect on rural residents (Madrigal, 1993, p.337), studies related to residents perceptions of the environment has focused more on destinations, communities and regions in developed countries rather than on developing countries. Apart from this, Schluter and Var (1988) observed that there are some issues that are special to developing countries. Furthermore, a proper analysis of the residents perceived environmental impacts of tourism could help pla nners and tourism practitioners to identify real concerns and also to develop appropriate policies and actions. 2.5 Tourism development in Mauritius Mauritius was made first, and then heaven was copied from it (Mark Twain). Mauritius is among the top 20 beautiful islands of the world .Tourism is an important contributor to economic growth in Small Island developing States like Mauritius. The World Bank has mentioned Mauritius as an example for southern Africa of an economy that has attained remarkable success in its economic development (World Bank, 1992; Hwedi, 2001). This success as mentioned cannot be escaped from tourism development, given Mauritius as the choice of destination for European visitors (Prayag, 2009; Prayag Ryan, 2010).Mauritiuss tourism industry success can be measured by the fact that it makes the highest gross domestic product contribution (30 per cent) and receives the second highest yearly total budget allocation(16.1 per cent) of countries in

opium war Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Opium War was a war fought by two countries Great Britain and china in 1839. The war was fought over the drug opium which was used by the Chinese for hundreds of year to relieve pain. opium is a habit forming narcotic made from the poppy plant. In the late 1700’s the British was smuggling the drug into China for non-medical use. The navies of the two countries mostly fought the battles of the opium war at sea. Within three years the Chinese’s old ships were simply no matches for the brand new British ships. In 1843 the Chinese and the British signed the treaty of Nanjing. This treaty gave the British the island of Hong Kong. In 1844 the United States of America and other countries gained extraterritorial rights. Which this allowed other countries to trade in china and not live b...

Drug Problem in Russia

â€Å"Illicit drugs destroy innumerable individual lives and undermine our society†(Kofi Annan). The Peoples Republic of China believes that United Nations International Drug Control Program has to immediately attack the problem of drugs on the four fronts: the manufacture, trafficking, and the abuse of illegal drugs, and rehabilitation of addicts. China is a producer of precursor chemicals. The plant Ephedraplant that grows wild in north China can be turned into the precursor chemical ephedrine. The Peoples Republic also exports Potassium Permanganate. It can be legally exported, but is usually exported in bulk by kingpins to cocaine producing countries. Potassium Permanganate is a necessary ingredient in the production of cocaine. In 1998 300 tons of precursor chemicals were seized in China. The production of Methamphetamine is becoming a major problem. We produces limited amounts of opium for domestic consumption. The Peoples Republic monitors all 28-precursor chemicals listed in the 1988 UN Drug Convention. In 1998 there were 540,000 people addicted to drugs in China. The most common addictions were to heroin, opium, stimulates, and depressants. The majority of the problem is with our younger population. 80 percent of the addictions occur with those under the age 35. The Peoples Republic operates 600-drug treatment centers nation wide. These drug centers work on the â€Å"cold turkey† approach to break their drug habits. Illicit drug use was virtually eliminated in the Peoples Republic after a massive campaign launched by the central government in the early 1950s. In the early 1980s when the Peoples Republic ended its isolationism and opened up to the outside world drug trafficking and addiction revived. The death penalty can be handed down to criminals trafficking 10 grams of heroin and 15 years in jail for those caught with 50 grams of opium. The Chinese government has established a Counter Narcotics Bureau in the Ministry of Public Security to aid in anti-drug efforts. In February 1998 the government started a major drug education program aimed at preventing drug use. The Peoples Republic has provided support to the UN sponsored initiative that provides farmers in Burma and Laos seeds, fertilizer, and a constant market to sell their product. This initiative is to encourage Burma and Laos to switch from cultivating opium to producing cash crops and food grains. From what the Peoples Republic has documented, this program has significantly resulted in the decrease in poppy production in observed areas. China is a major transit route for Southeast Asian heroin destined for western markets. The Peoples Republic is located in the â€Å"Golden Triangle†, consisting of the countries Burma, Vietnam, and Laos. Burma's drug traffickers use the 2,000-kilometer border with the Peoples Republic. 90% of the heroin flowing into the Peoples Republic can be tracked back to Burma. Peoples Republic law prohibits the laundering of proceeds from drug trafficking, but banking and legal regulations are usually behind the fast paced progression of the traffickers. Hong Kong, a major Asian financial center, is extremely vulnerable to the use of its banking and financing systems for laundering of drug money. To solve this problem the Peoples Republic suggests that the first step in solving the drug problem is that there needs dialogue with governments. The only lasting progress that can be made to fight drug abuse and trafficking depends on strong commitment to the cause on both regional and worldwide levels. The main key to prevent demand is education. Education has worked for China on the Yunnan province where children in the junior secondary level (age 11-13) conduct educational talks about drugs and do activities. To reinforce the education they bombard the media with public service announcements, documentary dramas featuring real cases of drug addicts for broadcasting during prime time on local television. The second front is the supply of the drugs to the consumers. The main solution is crop substitution. The basis of crop substitution is that the government provides the tools, the seeds, and some fertilizer. Then the government has to provide a market place that they can sell their goods. The main reason this will work that the producers will now be making money off of legitimate cash crops instead of narcotics. The third problem is the trafficking of drugs across many countries borders. The way to solve the problem is to go directly to the source and never let the drugs leave the country. The way to do this is to set up an international task force on drug suppression. With the availability of the internet governments can link information quickly to suppress trafficking. Then governments can collaborate on control missions to stop the drugs from leaving the source countries. The third problem is treatment and rehabilitation. This is less of a worldwide problem then it is a national one. Following what The Peoples Republic has done, the countries of the world could set up national clinics for detoxification and removal of their chemical dependencies. China has 600 clinics suggesting that larger countries have more and smaller countries have fewer centers. The distinguished country of the Netherlands feels that drugs are not the consumer's fault, but the traffickers so they try to prosecute the traffickers. Contrary to their logic drugs are everyone's problems and should be dealt with that way. The distinguished country of Saudi Arabia has a zero tolerance for drugs. The mentally deficient thinking on his or her part that not everyone is entitled to a fair trial is also bad logic. The Peoples Republic allows all the accused to have a trial and China suggests that the world keep this mandate and not just run off and kill some people. The drug phenomenon is a unique problem in the way it plagues out society. It endangers the heath of individuals, political and economical development, and the safety and security of the government. Narcotics are one of the major problems plaguing the world today. This problem must be combated now and with full cooperation of all governments of the world if anyone ever wants to control the drug problem.

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buy custom Riordan Manufacturing essay Riordan Manufacturing, Inc. is a firm leader in the field of plastic inoculation molding. With condition-of-the art design functionalities, they generate innovative plastic designs that have gained international acclaim. The following are the network security functions required in the Riordan inventory and manufacturing systems. The first concern is that the industry has incomplete network documentation. The available network topology does not illustrate component location of the switches, routers, hubs, clients and servers. Furthermore, no computer node and port identification; in addition, there are no network security procedures and policies in place. Within Riordan Manufacturing Inc.s network security preparation is the network safety measures plan for Inventory and Manufacturing Systems (IMS). Particularly, this plans intention is ensure the integrity and quality of IMS data all through the IMS process, from inserting the order for unprocessed materials, receiving of the raw res ources, warehousing and enactment of raw materials, manufacturing and assemblage, packaging, back to store and, lastly shipping. Network security plans characteristically include the following, Firewall, VPN, Traffic shaping, Antivirus, Intrusion prevention system (IPS), Antispyware. The network security necessary functions are twofold, Internal and External transversely multiple applications and procedures as well as several locations throughout the surrounding. After a careful team review of current network security at Riordan Manufacturing Inc., deliberation was given to a complete system, refurbish, but was decided besides the enormousness of such a responsibility was beyond the extent of the Service Request. Riordan Manufacturing should spend in putting into place an automated structure for handling the inventory and manufacturing processes. Conclusion Most of these security requirements are addressed by the accessible system. However, with the accumulation t of RFID there are fresh security concerns consequential from the wireless nature or the invention such as RFID in Manufacturing, 2004. As a result, security practices such as data protection, authentication, and authorization need to be fully implemented for proper access management of the system. The above concerns need to be implemented to address the necessary network in security of the company. Buy custom Riordan Manufacturing essay buy custom Riordan Manufacturing essay It is clear that firms should improve on their systems thus improving on manufacturing and inventory processes. Some of the changes, which are vital for an enacted to achieve this, include upgrading current systems as increased utilization of computer systems for firms to be more efficient. For Riordan Manufacturing, the need of using computerized systems in data entry is a matter of urgency in all its braches such as San Jose, Michigan, Georgia and China. Currently, the firm uses different system in the branches, thus becoming hard to consolidate manufacturing and inventory information. Further, it is hard to euthanatize inventories from external facilites resulting to lack of continuity thus increased costs and time consumption. Business requirements definition for system upgrades For Riordan Manufacturing, manufacturing and inventory system upgrade is based on three major options. They include the virtualBox from Sun Microsystems, VirtualBOS: Business Operating Systems and Microsoft Office Accounting Express. In upgrading the system, Riordan Manufacturing may use the existing or acquire new equipments for the purpose .By using the existing hardware to upgrade the system; Riordan Manufacturing will be able to cut on cost hence better performance on all its branches. It is vital come up with time implementattion deadline by use of Gantt chart for managing the projects, software and hardware installations, assessments, software support and user training. By selecting one of the present actions, based on cost and time effectiveness among other notable aspects, the firm will be able to carry out the inventory and manufacturing upgrade within the stipulated duration by selected team. Conclusion From above information, it is clear that Riordan Manufacturing can adopt any of the above actions for system upgrade. By doping this, the firm will reduce on operation cost and meet the set deadlines in all its branches across the globe. Buy custom Riordan Manufacturing essay