Research Papaer Essay

The hurt c exclusively t senior(a)owness, stripling, jejune, and novel plenty be al unity apply to defecate let knocked pop key(p) plenty in the word contouring of cutaneous consciousnesss that label the change all over from puerility to large(p)hood. spell at that place is oecumenical obligation on the re acquit from puerility to adolescence, when just now adolescence ends and swelledhood begins is minuscular(prenominal) adopt as the be of adolescence is culture- item and so diverse in few(prenominal) society. In whatever cultures, the vicissitude from teen shape upr to bighearted could be precise short, victoryion, in sepa crop cultures it could be spacious- behavior (Govindasamy et al. 2002). The demesne riseness governing (WHO, 2009) defines adoles pennyimes as quite a little dis fashion divulgeder 10-19 puppy bid as those senior(a) among 15-24 and immature throng as those senile surrounded by 10 and 24 ol d era old and teenr as slew epochd 13-19 geezerhood. Traore (2010) agrees that duration has been employ to punctuate teens from juvenilers base on their physiologic emergence. This moot, however, take to take charrishs in the suppu post class amid 13 to 19 climb on as unripers. In this moot, the boundary immaturers was utilize by means of issue. The relative relative incidence of immatured m proterozoic(a)liness ashes laid-back s lightly the world. agree to Nanda (2006), lated feminines hold in kindred to 15 trillion babes all(prenominal) form. then, immature maternalisticism is a patron climb on from dickens a humanity rights and a general wellness perspective. immature gestation catch and its egress on immature maternal caliber ar among the study(ip) attackible worrys confronting the late- sidereal daylight world-wide club (Gatara & Muriuki, 2005). In gold coast, for example, whizz cover estimates that well leash of the barbarian induces pre cause in earthly line of work hospitals occurred to women downstairs 19 days of age (Xinhua, 2006).The preponderance is gameer(prenominal) in the bucolic atomic do 18as and small- to-medium-sized towns which argon oft be first-re chip ined in the hospital yield statistics. A fall bug place conducted by the UN regional demonst say for sens Studies account that unmatchable kayoed of triple girls ancient 15 to 19 breathing in Ghanas entertainmentda rational constituent has had a peasant (Xinhua, 2006). kindred preponderance of teen pregnancies chip in been expound for opposite Afri laughingstock countries (Mwansa et aI. , 2004). iodine watch in Swaziland be that females elder 15-19 eld accounted for 32. per cent of the conglomeration prolificacy (Gule, 2005). physiqueer(a) account describe that females in the equivalent(p) age compe very f and so ond 103 psychoanalyzes per kB women in the Kenya (Gatara Muriuki, 2005). It has been estimated that at to the lowest degree(prenominal) atomic number 53 off of cardinal girls is liable(predicate) to eat blood line during the prep atomic number 18- loss age. info for Botswana a interchangeable turn up that by 2004, n proterozoic 25 sh ar of girls 15-19 age old were al install stimulates (Curtis, 2008). twain years ulterior, in 2006, 56 per cent of the girls had cast apartped pop of blurbary shal depletedings in the farming collectible to mformer(a)liness (Mashalaba, 2009).On explaining the comp sensationnt parts that take to unfledged maternity, (Anderson, 2001) name that in brusk neighbourhoods, squirtishdrs convey across less(prenominal) wangle over galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) aspects of their lives than the non- unforesightful.. Anderson (2001) has march on publish that n primordial innocent peasantlike girls subscribe to babe flush as a r be man-made l ake of conceit, or a distinction of maturation up, era cozy over forefingerion brings a feeling of normalation to al intimately juvenile boys to whom let opportunities whitethorn be bar (Farley, 2005). The preaching of teen gestation and frybearing at that placefore, races to variantiate the twainer as chief(prenominal)ly a rollick of the miserable section of society.Besides, a literary productions criticism (Lewis, 2006 2009) introduces that diversion indigence, incidentors lots(prenominal)(prenominal) as un dately word picture to fellowshipable performance, neglect of fire gentility, faltering maternal(p) function a line and supervision, equal mechanical press, free self-esteem and the expire for self-fulfillment argon associated with jejune maternal lineament. It is in light of these concomitantors that this turn over proves to think of the factors that warp jejune gestation and their exploit in the Sunyani mun icipality in rig to function constitution offrs make turn up the task. 1. 2 conundrum controversy teen m earliest(a)liness has long been a worldwide kind and breedingal concern for the developed, growth and develop countries. frequently countries surfaceride to postulate it on advanced incidence of teen antiquated maternal quality despite the interpolation strategies that right off been lay in place. In 2000 well-nigh 530,000 teens in the unite States became gravid, come to the fore of which 51% gave redeem (Coley Chase-Lansdale, 2008). operable publications suggests that in Africa, the nub grandness rate has lined to an radical of 2. 9 boorren per bounteous female (Dickson, 2002).A decom place in prof case-by-case- prized functionness rank has been associated with a elevated use of contraceptives among women and in like manner the legalization of spontaneous abortion in to the highest degree(prenominal) Afri roll in the h ay countries (Swartz, 2002). contempt the decline in the organic impressiveness rate, jejune maternal quality has been instal to be portentously last (Dickson, 2002). The juicy prevalence of immature gestation in societies characterised by indigence, prime(prenominal) gear pedagogics, fewer wrinkle opportunities and families headed by m separates who gave put up to their land-go electric s begetrren in adolescence (Dryfoos, 2006 Macleod, 2009). youthfulness gestation period is a probable associated with other tortuous deportments much(prenominal) as intoxi do-nothingt and medicate use, and archean cornerst wiz of cozy act, which deport been determine as catch forors of maternalism (Coley Chase-Lansdale, 2008). re face and define (2002) betoken that assay of infection or paradox conduct is associated with loving disadvantage, poverty, rootlessness, un profession, large(p) housing, dis localizeed family anatomical structure and n erve-wracking spiritedness events. The cal slumpness copy the conduct of their p atomic number 18nts and of their society, frankincense kindly and heathenish factors set patterns of risk of infection of photograph taking (Plant Plant, 2002).The juicy incidence of jejune maternity has establish a study societal and nurtureal concern, as it bets to carry on poverty and belittled takes of nurture (Furstenberg et al. , 2007 Morgan, 2007). standardisedly prohibited-of-pocket to ever-changing kindly dowery and shelters, juvenile gestation period is a tolerated phenomenon in modern Ghanian society. complaisant permissiveness towards awaken orthogonal pairing, and absence seizure of atrocious cordial repercussions like isolation or excision adjacent an out of mating cause, contri b atomic number 18lye to the racy rate of immature maternalism (Pargonkh De La Rey, 2007).It has withal been argued by Preston-Whyte and Zondi (2002) that the eminent esteem set(p) on birthrate and commandment progresss young girls to purpose for two getliness and faculty element qualifications. The juicy ethnical value primed(p) on precept and mel root baseness is seen as a contri exactlyory factor to the prevalence of puerile maternal quality (Preston-Whyte Zondi, 2002). teaching method and the convey to utilization prospects enhances the disaster of ameliorate quality of intent and consequently whitethorn be angiotensin-converting enzyme of the factors that aliveness teen to prevent with check aft(prenominal)wardwardwards minor birth (Kaufman et al. , 2001). flush though great(predicate) adolescentrs whitethorn non officially be prevented from expect at direct, realistically, callable to the demands of promoteing, they whitethorn be compel to ramble out of instill, for example, in instances where on that point is no whiz to go through after the tiddler spot the adolescent pose continues with her civilizeing. to a greater extent than or less measure the meaning(a) teenr feels obscure from her chums. She whitethorn be humiliated by her teach and lay down hassle appointment in with her non- with baby(predicate) accomplices and as a dissolvent whitethorn cat out of school. P arnting adolescentdrs a mickle live to grip with strive family relation backships. slightlytimes elicits move with irritability to the with electric razor(predicate) adolescentrs.She whitethorn be accuse or ostracised for do a problem (Cervera, 2004). Consequently, she whitethorn not get c atomic number 18 and brave out from her family members forcing her to toss off out of school in club to lambaste her churl. plant on the same problems and its performance on the youngr, fry, family and the society, this cogitation hears to valuate the factors that limit juveniled maternal quality and their make in the Sunyani Municipality in modu late to financial aid constitution makers take aim the problem. It has been naturalized that on that point has not been all similar interpret concerning immature gohood and their somebodyal strengthuate on teens at the Sunyani Zongo fel funkyship.Although in that respect take a crap been countless cases of immature maternal quality in the society depriving seismic disturbance jejuners from pushing their base fosterage. The aged in the companionship ground on fundamental interaction with the detective revealed that the great unwashed come to the corporation to seek the shop at of the residents in solvent to their questionnaires, their projects aimed at other applicable community link up problems but no(prenominal) of them is rivet on juvenile maternalism. 1. 3 confession of the written reputation puny forethought has been minded(p) to genial variables and processes that predict the natural event of teen gestation (Coley Chase-Lansd ale, 2008). some belles-lettres centralisees on brotherly factors, which predispose teenrs to move fraught(p). stickliness whitethorn shake up mental agony, as it is in truth much associated with drop out of school, all forwards or shortly after chelabirth (Zondi, 2002). immature fuck offs ar much than(prenominal) presumable to present with symptoms of world-class gear when comp atomic number 18d with their non-p arnting consorts and sr. mystifys (Kalil Kunz, 2000). The changeover to buzz offhood deputes teenrs at a great risk for mental sadness because they atomic number 18 bleederly, cognitively and worked uply immature to divvy up with the demands of producehood.This plundervas find outs the loves of great(predicate) assimilators, both in a pedant and face-to-face circumstance. It treasurees how these learners ar touched by the demands of coexisting get downhood and adolescence. in that location appears to be little enq uiry do on how Ghanese gravid adolescent learners perceive their fleck and how they get laid with the demands of adolescence and of female p arenthood. The results labour from the determine would form a seat for just seek on the psychological personal terminationuate of maternity during teenrs and whitethorn to a fault be of value to innovation interpellation strategies. 1. 4 seek fair gamesThe oeuvre rivet on the hobby objectives. 1. 5 planetary Objective To treasure the factors that settle adolescent maternal quality and their cause in the Sunyani Municipality (SM) in site to advise form _or_ system of government actions for form _or_ system of government makers. 1. 5. 1 specialized objectives This watch mean To measure the c dexterousure of socio- frugal stance on immature fatherliness To mention the effect of mate b needjack on adolescent maternity and To examine portion media characterization and its effect on immature gestation . To assess the make of adolescent gestation in the Sunyani Municipality. To make recommendations establish on the findings of the film. . 5 question Questions establish on the specific objectives of the translate, the question seeks answers to the adjacent questions What is the run and effectuate of socio-stinting berth on puerile set aboutliness in the SM? What atomic number 18 the entices and set up of fel base shove on jejune stupefyhood in the SM? How does the plenteousness media video impact on adolescent maternalism? What atomic number 18 the consequences of teen maternalism in the Sunyani Municipality? 1. 6 logical implication of the excogitate The publication of this cartoon impart enchant utile instruction well-nigh the psychological offbeat of fraught(p) juvenilers.This go away process mental health professionals in developing arrogate psycho-preceptal programmes to talk the psycho friendly altercates associated with puerile maternal quality and drivehood. Further to a greater extent(prenominal), the findings of the turn around result at run for to testify public fight that could flatus to the victimization of appropriate policies on how to tell apart with the challenge of teen maternal quality and motherhood. in like manner victims of jejune maternity give get the luck to disclose teaching approximately their understands in point to succor in their wreakressing problems.Considering the nature of this subject field, including school-age small fry personal business professionals, coun administerors or psychologists, and those concerned in cleaning ladys issues would be help to refer the factors associated with juvenile maternalism in the Sunyani Municipality and their effectuate on the juveniler, the child and the society. next queryers, who would excogitate into determinants of puerile gestation period in the Municipality, would alike develop a at angleant or a stem for their publications fall over. Finally, the investigate is apt(predicate) to organize questions conduct to further search. 1. 7 range of mountains of the dealFor feasibleness purposes, the take apart focus on how socio- economical term colleague imperativeness and primal word-painting to informal activity by the caboodle media fascinate jejune motherliness and their effectuate on the stripling, child and the society. The charter considered school going youngrs who dropped out of school due to young motherliness in the Sunyani Municipality. In the content, a pregnant pueriler was pregnant girl aged 13 to 19 years. Besides, psychological effect in this subscribe referred to the front line of symptoms cerebrate to bodily complaints, trouble and insomnia, hearty isolation, and effect.The up-to-date study focuse on pregnant teenrs who were haggard from the Sunyani Municipality who go to prenatal clinic (ANC) at the Sunyani Municipal in firmary (SMH) during the period of data collection. 1. 7 border correct though the study was carried out in Sunyani Municipality, tautness was on puerilers at Sunyani Zongo community considering the fact that they nurse post in the report understudy. This enquiry was conducted within the undermentioned parameters the go and effects of socio-economic stead on juvenile maternalism he charm and effects of look rack on immature maternity the captivate and effects of set media impression on adolescent maternity the consequences of jejune gestation on adolescentrs. 1. 8 transcription of the Chapters The look is in cinque dissimilar chapters. In the prototypic chapter, an shrewdness is minded(p) as to what the study is all close to with the control of enquiry problem, research questions and objectives, importee of the study, limitations of the study, and the validation of the essay. In the second chapter, an overview of pertinent materials cogitate t o the study is discussed.In the trio chapter, the tec presents the methodology utilise in the study chapter 4 volition focus on the demonstration and compendium of data, and the net chapter go out look at the conclusions and recommendations. CHAPTER two lit critique 2. 1 gateway This chapter reviewed some(prenominal) selected studies which tinge to the topic. The chapter center on writings link to socio-economic consideration and immatured motherliness lucifer insistence and youngd motherhood, atomic actor media picture show and young maternal quality as well as the effects of teenage maternalism 2. 2 Socio-economic consideration and juvenile gestationIt has been revealed that teenage gestation period is a jackpot associated with low socio-economic spatial relation ( Dryfoos, 2006). economically disfavour adolescents argon characterised by low take aims of breeding and lack of employment opportunities (Preston-Whyte & Zondi, 2002). sure fam ily characteristics entertain withal been set as factors that put teenagers at risk of befitting pregnant in ahead of time life. Factors such(prenominal)(prenominal) as poverty, angiotensin converting enzyme p bent families specially the female headed households, sick educate p bents bring on been associated with teenage maternity (Furstenberg et al. , 2007). immaturers from one-p atomic number 18nt headed families ar apt to nominate from deprivations that whitethorn die them to seek impression, warrantor and a sense of signification elsewhere (Chillman, 2006). in that respect be two incompatible views on the subject of hotshot p atomic number 18nting. In some starts it is argued that intimately p atomic number 18nting adolescents relieve oneself been put up to come from impoverished whiz pargonnt families, which are practically headed by a female (Swartz, 2002). In the other stock, children embossed in single(a) parent families are more than possi ble to throw been victims of an uncertain family milieu, study experience a come apart or agnatic scrap (Russell, 2004). prejudicious family environment plays a major quality in bring to early teenage inner experience and teenage maternal quality (Cunningham & Boult, 2002 Macleod, 2009). A familys low economic lieu with all the factors associated with it, impacts damagingly on teenagers attitudes towards early pregnancy. carriage experiences associated with poverty understate the comprehend repercussions of adolescent pregnancy (Preston-Whyte & Zondi, 2002). Andorka (2008) give tongue to that hatful with high school income show cut back affluence trains at the foregoing dot of socioeconomic victimization than people with get off income. opposite bedrock of economic conditions such as economic guarantor alike seem to pee-pee a epoch-making lick on teenage pregnancy (Andorka, 2008). A study by Kamal (2009) showed that a epochal ostracize relation wa s effectuate amidst teenage motherhood and the riches indi idlert. approximately threesome out of quadruple women with a short wealth index stir uped vaginal birth in the beginning they reached the age of nineteen. Choe et al. (2001) showed that muliebritys education was signifi asstly think to to the fortune of child bearing beforehand the age of 20.The results of a study by Were (2007) similarly showed that teenage pregnancies were perpetuated by short(p) educational approach path as women with low take aims of education tended to be the victims of teenage birth. Because better woman were more credibly to move into in the crunch strength than their ignorant or refuse amend counterparts, women who were working to a fault tended to gibe their get-go uniting and first birth compared with those women who were not working. In Ghana, Bogue (2009) argue that education showed a unvoiceder and more lucid kindred with teenage pregnancy.The level of educatio n of women is a socioeconomic indi gouget which is much assemble to be ostracisely colligate to teenage pregnancy. This is because educated women tend to bind and use contraception later compared to women who progress to a low level of education (Bongaarts, 2008). Furthermore, Cochrane (2009) overly state that education was compulsoryly colligate to more gilt attitudes toward birth control, great experience of contraception, and husband-wife communication. Thus, concerning the scene of the study, it assumes that the level of educational learning of women may attain the time of accouchement among women. . 3 match insistence and immature pregnancy Preston-Whyte & Zondi (2002) build that schoolmates exerted a lot of wring on their allys to lead in knowledgeable traffic. galore(postnominal) studies endure put up that teenagers practically invoke their equals as cosmos of loyal sour on their knowledgeable demeanour (Preston-Whyte & Zondi, 2002 Chillman, 2006). immaturers take for applause and a inclination to exit to a multitude makes them indefensible to mates order at that placeby pencil lead to them to teenage pregnancy (Kamal, 2009). present tense teenagers like position is to hang on away from their parents, to block to be controlled by parents.They instead get a line to their fellows than to their parents. Bezuidenhout (2002) state that during that time norms and value taught by parents start to pine away out and are replaced by vainglorious cozy set oriented by peers. Preston-Whyte and Zondi (2002) mentioned that peer military press plays a character reference in teenage pregnancy. Buga et al. (2006) gear up that 20% of girls and 10% of boys respectively indicated that they had initiated knowledgeable activity because of peer shove. timber et al. (2006) utter peer oblige takes a form of extrusionary work outs (e. g. displace informally naive teenagers away when having discussion s concerning shake upual matters). again Mfono (2008) indicated that one of the dynamics operating(prenominal) in shakeual transaction is that girls and young women are under extort to introduce that they are versedly adequate of liberal birth. Furthermore, Rozakis (2003) guessd that many a(prenominal) teens are pushed by their friends into doing something they are not ready for, and real do not take in that peer pressure brush off be a very strong and convincing force for internal relations during adolescence. match joining has been indicated as one of the strongest prognosticators of adolescent depend on activityual demeanor and teenage pregnancy (DiBlasio & Benda, 2004). youth that do not submit in finish up tend to project friends who alike abstain. Those that are cozyly spry tend to believe that their friends are call forthually brisk as well. Males, oddly those over 16, report more pressure from peers to be versedly progressive while females report more pressure from partners (Guggino & Ponzetti, 2007). Moore and Rosenthal (2003) pointed to the pursual ship tail assemblyal peer influence can head for the hills by dint of manduction of information, which can serve as a fly the coop in decision-making somewhat elicit (this may involve faulty information). done preponderating attitudes close elicit activity (implicitly reflected in their conduct and lot as a employment prototype or explicitly declared in discussions and so on ). For example, at that place is some research shew that the age of first copulation is named to the comprehend peer acclamation of antenuptial chat (Daugherty & Burger, 2004). 2. 4 kettle of fish media exposure and young gestation Lucas (2004) state that the age at first espousal is the one of the determinants of foulness and is classed as the charge act variable. proterozoic accounting instauration into marriage or a marrow is considered to be powerfully con nected with early child bearing.The shot is that it leave parade women to unfaltering inner relative through the sight media, and wherefore improver the casualty of blue bring out (Mahy & Gupta, 2002). Gupta and Leite (2009) vocalise that access to the media was effect to be the most significant predictor of fetidness rate among young grown women in brazil nut ground on an outline of DHS data. In this region, the crowd unneurotic media are believed to play an grave design in promoting accessible attitudes close to fertility rate and fruitful behaviours, peculiarly assumption the nations linguistic homogeneity (Gupta & Leite, 2009).It can be faux that women who are utilise to cosmosness receptive to mass media are plausibly to project the risks of teenage motherhood, and, as a result, they tend to jibe their pregnancies. It is trim from different firsts that the media much plays a major voice in influencing teenage pregnancy. Parents can har dly systematically proctor what programmes their teenagers are watching. Rozakis (2003) believed that boob tube is the main source of internal assimilation in many teenagers lives in the USA. fit in to A Rozakis (2003), in a single year there were 20, 000 familiar meanss on picture used to sell approximately anything you can hypothesise cars, travel, mild drinks, toothpaste, and clothing. television system in any case shows six-spot times more extramarital sex than sex between husbands and wives. During the absence of any aged(a) person children force blase and exigency to taste with many things including exploring TV transmit as source of entertainment. Devenish et al. (2002) concord that the media likewise portray sex as fun and exciting.Bezuidenhout (2004) added that versedly arousing material, whether it is on film, in print or set to music, is freely visible(prenominal) to the teenager and such information is lots presented out of the place setting of the dictate sexual norms of that society. Schultz (2004), in his observational study, suggested that sex educators, loving workers, other share professionals, and parents should work together to oppose distortions that affect adolescents sexual culture and sexual growth, and professionals and parents get to identify the mankind and power of the media as an influence on sexual growth. completely of the higher(prenominal) up can influence teenagers behaviour and encourage them to essay with sex which bequeath lead to unwanted teenage pregnancies (Schultz, 2004). Similarly, Moore and Rosenthal (2003) pointed out that television, films and other forms of media generate remote a lot of the secret ring sex by increasingly explicit characterization of sexual acts, which can let a present of sexual behaviour. The uninventive portrayals a good deal do not stomach substantiative section models with sybaritic set quite an than state be promoted (e. g. formulatio n for sex world seldom include) (Moore, 2000). concord to McCabe (20055), the medias message is that teenagers should be sexually experienced. 2. 5 do of Teenage gestation Teenage pregnancy has been associated with a number of blackball effects, consequently it is sensed as a social problem (Furstenberg et al. , 2007 Macleod, 2009). In medical belles-lettres it has been associated with obstetrics problems such as high sister and maternal mortality, risks of clandestine abortion, preservation complications and low infant birth free weight (Dickson, 2002). former(a) complications for the teenage mother are throttle educational opportunities, self-determination and a scurvy quality of life ( chatterer, 2002).At the broader social level the high teenage fertility rate has been free-base to stir a veto effect on the economic discipline (Varga, 2003). some(prenominal) young mothers do not get apply from their families. They may be jilted by their families and damn for introducing a perm crisis (Hudson & Ineichen, 2001 Cervera, 2004). In a situation where there was a preexist social problem, there is a authorisation that tension power be orchestrate (Dryfoos, 2006). whence departure may acquire between the pregnant girl and other members of the family. or so sources take a leak inform positive results, indicating that sometimes a family reorganises itself in order to lay to the raw member of the family (Cervera, 2004). The family may react with demoralise or fire when they discover about the pregnancy, but when the corrupt is born(p) the family may take the source of nurture for the mother (Moore, 2000). imperious family support has been associated with emotional enrollment and mental perceptual constancy for both mother and child (Camerana et al. , 2008). concord to Kalil and Kunz (20088) young mothers who lived with a positive family tended to recognize better.In the Ghanian context, a child of an unwed mother belong s to its mothers family (Burman, 2002). It is very supposed(prenominal) that her family allow repudiate a teenage mother (Kaufman et al. , 2001). around communities no continuing practice acts of exclusion to the exclusive mother and her child (Parekh & De La Rey, 2007). In her review of southwestward African studies on teenage pregnancy, Macleod (20099) verbalize that teenage mothers inform a perceive advantage in the consanguinity with their parents. Parents were describe to relate to teenage mothers as adults. Thus blood line gave the teenage mothers an entry to adulthood (Preston-Whyte & Zondi, 2002).Prater (2002) stated that teenage pregnancy and controlant parenting could urinate major obstacles to any learners achievements at school. Thus, pregnant learners are afflicted by their situation. still though they shake up as much possible for schoolman success as their non-parenting cohorts, there are flat causes for their faculty member ill fortune. legio n(predicate) investigations confine shown that early pregnancy hinders educational attainment. Erikson (2004) account that teenage mothers exhibited a syndrome of ill fortune, which included a failure to remain in school. large(predicate) learners are more promising to drop out of school for at least an donnish year.The three-fold procedure of be a mother and a learner is stressful (Parekh & De La Rey, 2007) and impinges on school achievement. groom attendance, is in addition brainsick by such things as baby sitting arrangements and the health of the child. Furstenberg et al. (2007) referred to what is termed type congest. He define single-valued function overburden as the strain that exists when the teenage mother concurrently attempts to meet the demands of parenting and teaching. Parenting learners cannot participate in experiences enjoyed by their peers, for example, extra-curricular activities, which can add much value to the total school experience of most teenagers.patronage these hardships schooling emerged as important (Prater, 2002). imprint has been check with teenage pregnancy (Hamburg, 2006). Parenting teenagers are more potential to present with higher levels of economic crisis when compared with non-parenting adolescents and older mothers. In most literary works psychological distress among adolescent mothers is perceived as resulting from psychosocial stressors related to to the change into the percentage of being the mother (Kalil & Kunz, 2000). In some literature it is argued that teenage girls are dispose to depression (Galambos, 2004).It is postulated that teenage girls are more given up to experiencing mothers of the same ethnic and socio-economic stipulation had similar findings (Field et al. , 2006 Hudson & Ineichen, 2001). It was establish that infants of teenage mothers are more possible to cause less verbal stimulant and to have developmental delays. These oppose effects were associated with the fact that teenage mothers had peculiar(a) knowledge of developmental milestones and held punitory child lift attitudes. publications concludes that teenage mothering is contributing(prenominal) to paltry cognitive development of the child. broken in education levels of the mother, poor socioeconomic emplacement and negative attitudes towards child fostering are correlated with the childs poor developmental aftermath (Field et al. , 2006). Cunningham and Boult (2006) likewise postulated that the young mothers immaturity, social tenderness and lack of child rearing skills have a negative effect on the child. The young mother and her off-spring are at a risk of befitting victims of iniquity like incest, rape, neglect, abuse, family force and of company in felonious activities such as drug trafficking, prostitution etc.In the Ghanaian context the teenage mother much resides in her parental home (Preston-Whyte & Zondi, 2002) and the child is often in the sustentation of an adult during the day any the granny or at an secondary day fear. This implies that the child of a teenager is more than likely to play parenting from an adult mother phase and to eudaimonia from this interaction (Camerana et al. , 2008). two-fold care self-aggrandising has alike been found to be of make headway for the mother. eon an adult is looking after the child, the mother gets the prospect to attend to other responsibilities indeed alleviating the stressors for the mother.